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Nutr302 enzymes > Fiber > Flashcards

Fiber Flashcards

1
Q

Total fiber definition

A

Dietary and functional fiber combined

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2
Q

Total fiber are _________ that contain ____________ linkages not digestible in humans

A

Non-digestible, beta 1-4 glycosidic

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3
Q

Dietary fiber definition

A

Fiber found in food

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4
Q

Functional fiber definition

A

Fiber added to foods or supplements

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5
Q

What are the 6 physical properties of fiber?

A
  1. Water holing capacity
  2. Viscosity
  3. Ion-exchange capacity
  4. Binding of organic compounds
  5. Bacterial fermentation
  6. Antioxidant
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6
Q

Water holding capacity is the _________ or _________ of water with fiber to form a gel

A

Adsorption, entrapment

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7
Q

_____________ has a greater water holding capacity than _____________

A

Soluble > Insoluble

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8
Q

What is Viscosity?

A

The ability of fiber to bind to organic compounds

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9
Q

____________ fiber has greater viscosity than __________

A

Soluble > nsoluble

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10
Q

What is ion-exchange capacity?

A

Fiber ability to bind to cations/minerals

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11
Q

__________ fiber is better at binding to organic compounds than __________ fiber

A

Soluble > Insoluble

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12
Q

What is bacterial fermentation of fiber?

A

Anaerobic bacteria digest cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin

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13
Q

Which dietary fiber is non fermentable by bacteria?

A

Lignin

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14
Q

Which dietary fiber act as an antioxidant?

A

Lignin

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15
Q

What are the 10 physiological roles of fiber?

A
  1. Delayed gastric emptying
  2. Satiety
  3. Intestinal transit time altered
  4. Altered nutrient absorption
  5. Increased fecal bulk
  6. Increased bile acid/cholesterol excretion
  7. Increased micro flora in colon
  8. Reduction of free radicals
  9. Altered intestinal morphology
  10. Reduced 2 degree bile acids
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16
Q

The physiological role of delayed gastric emptying is greater in ____________ than ______________

A

Soluble > insoluble

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17
Q

What is gastric emptying

A

Food of stomach emptying to SI

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18
Q

How does fiber play a physiological role in satiety? Feeling full

A
  1. Distention (expand) due to water holding
  2. Delay gastric emptying
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19
Q

Delayed gastric emptying can also help with __________

A

Satiety

20
Q

The physical property of water holding capacity can help with the physiological role of fiber in _________

A

Satiety

21
Q

Insoluble fiber can ____________ intestinal transit time
While soluble fiber can ____________ transit time

A

Normalize, delay

22
Q

What are the 3 ways fiber can alter nutrient absorption?

A
  1. Viscosity
  2. Rapid transit time
  3. Micelles
23
Q

How does viscosity alter nutrient absorption?

A

Viscosity interferes with mixing of intestinal contents with digestive enzymes

24
Q

How does fiber alter nutritient absorption through rapoid transit time?

A

It decrease nutrient contact time with brush border

25
Q

How does fiber affect micelles?

A

Fiber traps micelles

26
Q

____________ fiber increases fecal bulk more than __________

A

Insoluble > soluble

27
Q

_________ fiber can increase bile/cholesterol excretion than __________ fiber

A

Soluble > insoluble

28
Q

Soluble fiber increases micro flora in colon by?

A

Serving as fuel/food

29
Q

Insoluble increase micro flora in colon by

A

Insoluble fiber can contribute (give more bacteria)

30
Q

Which fiber reduces free radicals?

A

Lignin

31
Q

What two way does fiber alter intestinal morphology?

A

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy

32
Q

How does fiber cause hyperplasia of intestinal morphology ?

A

Due to fermentation producing SCFA, lowering pH, and binding to epithelium

33
Q

How does fiber cause hypertrophy

A

Increased synthesis of mucin

34
Q

What are the 6 nutritional implications of fiber?

A
  1. Weight loss
  2. Diabetes
  3. Hyperlipidemia
  4. Lower blood pressure
  5. Prevention of GI disorders
  6. Prevention of colon cancer
35
Q

Fiber can help with weight loss through t

A

Satiety, decrease absorption

36
Q

How does fiber help with diabetes

A

Slows down gastric emptying and s crease absorption of glucose

37
Q

How does soluble fiber help with hyperlipidemia

A

It will bind and excrete bile and bind more to cholesterol, lower 2 degree bile acids, fermentation of SCFA, increase TT, decrease satiety

38
Q

Fiber indirectly __________________ through weight loss

A

Lower BP

39
Q

How does fiber prevent GI disorders

A

Decrease constipation and prevent diverticular disease

40
Q

How does fiber prevent colon cancer

A

Antioxidant, Dec 2 degree bile acids, decreased contact of carcinogens to epithelium, rapid transit time decrease exposure time to epithelium

41
Q

ADA

A

20 g/day

42
Q

FASED

A

10g/1000kcal

43
Q

NCI

A

25g/d

44
Q

DRI women

A

25g

45
Q

DRI men

A

38g

46
Q

AI

A

14g/1000g/kcal

47
Q

Upper limit

A

35-50g/d

Nutr302 enzymes (2 decks)

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