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Public Speaking > Fianle exame > Flashcards

Fianle exame Flashcards

1
Q

A speech that introduces the main speaker to the audience.

A

speech of introduction

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1
Q

A speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.

A

speech of presentation

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2
Q

A speech that gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.

A

acceptance speech

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3
Q

A speech that pays tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea.

A

commemorative speech

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4
Q

What are some guidelines for an acceptance speech?

A

You thank the people who are bestowing the award and recognize the people who helped you gain it.

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5
Q

The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.

A

denotative meaning

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6
Q

The meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase.

A

connotative meaning

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7
Q

A book of synonyms.

A

thesaurus

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8
Q

Words that refer to tangible objects.

A

concrete words

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9
Q

Words that refer to ideas or concepts.

A

abstract words

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10
Q

Discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea.

A

clutter

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11
Q

The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas.

A

imagery

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12
Q

An explicit comparison, introduced with the word “like” or “as,” between things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

A

simile

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13
Q

A trite or overused expression.

A

cliché

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14
Q

An implicit comparison, not introduced with the word “like” or “as,” between two things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

A

metaphor

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15
Q

The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words.

A

rhythm

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16
Q

The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences.

A

parallelism

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17
Q

Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences.

A

repetition

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18
Q

Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words.

A

alliteration

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19
Q

The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.

A

antithesis

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20
Q

Language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors.

A

inclusive language

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21
Q

The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain.

A

hearing

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22
Q

Paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear.

A

listening

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23
Q

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment.

A

appreciative listening

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24
Q

Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker.

A

empathic listening

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25
Q

Listening to understand the message of a speaker.

A

comprehensive listening

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26
Q

Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it.

A

critical listening

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27
Q

The difference between the rate at which most people talk (120 to 180 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 500 words a minute).

A

spare “brain time”

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28
Q

Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker’s point of view.

A

active listening

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29
Q

An outline that briefly notes a speaker’s main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form.

A

key-word outline

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30
Q

A listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.

A

catalogue

31
Q

A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves.

A

call number

32
Q

A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers.

A

reference work

33
Q

A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.

A

abstract

34
Q

An organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet.

A

sponsoring organization

35
Q

A list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.

A

preliminary bibliography

36
Q

A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

A

brief example

37
Q

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.

A

example

38
Q

A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

A

extended example

39
Q

Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.

A

quoting out of context

40
Q

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.

A

spatial order

41
Q

A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.

A

causal order

42
Q

The materials used to support a speaker’s ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

A

supporting materials

43
Q

A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationships among them.

A

connective

44
Q

A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.

A

signpost

45
Q

Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.

A

event

46
Q

A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.

A

process

47
Q

A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like.

A

concept

48
Q

To present one’s ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience.

A

personalize

49
Q

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.

A

ethos

50
Q

credibility

A

The audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic. The two major factors influencing a speaker’s credibility are competence and character.

51
Q

initial credibility

A

The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak.

52
Q

derived credibility

A

The credibility of a speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech.

53
Q

terminal credibility

A

The credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech.

54
Q

creating common ground

A

A technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.

55
Q

evidence

A

Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.

56
Q

The name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker. The two major elements of this are evidence and reasoning.

A

logos

57
Q

reasoning

A

The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.

58
Q

analogical reasoning

A

Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.

59
Q

fallacy

A

An error in reasoning.

60
Q

ad hominem

A

A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

61
Q

pathos

A

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal.

62
Q

need

A

The first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy?

63
Q

burden of proof

A

The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.

64
Q

plan

A

The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?

65
Q

practicality

A

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker’s plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems?

66
Q

Monroe’s motivated sequence

A

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seeks immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

67
Q

ethics

A

The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.

68
Q

ethical decisions

A

Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines.

69
Q

name-calling

A

The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups.

70
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution.

71
Q

plagiarism

A

Presenting another person’s language or ideas as one’s own.

72
Q

global plagiarism

A

Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one’s own.

73
Q

patchwork plagiarism

A

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one’s own.

74
Q

incremental plagiarism

A

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.

Public Speaking (1 decks)

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