Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Ethics > Fhssodbgs > Flashcards

Fhssodbgs Flashcards

0
Q

PSDLH?

A

Pain suffering distress lasting harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Two types of animal research

A

Fundamental/basic

Applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define sentience

A

Having conscious and subjective experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we assume animals have feelings

A

Sensations and emotions
Social, empathic, altruistic
Memory, communication, culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Five freedoms

A 
From hunger and thirst
From pain, injury and disease
From fear/distress
From discomfort
To express normal behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3Rs

A

Replacement - non animal models, cell culture
Reduction - fewer animals (study design, sexes, publish neg results, stats)
Refinement - limit suffering (analgesia, blood volumes, humane end points, monitoring) husbandry, environmental enrichment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

UCT animal ethics committees

A

SenateAEC - develop policy, senate inspecting vet audits

FHS AEC - scientific and ethical review, 3Rs, investigate non compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What standards and legislation do we have in SA

A

SANS
Animal protection act
Veterinary and para veterinary professions act
Medicines and related substances act

SPCA act, animal health act, occupational health and safety act.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Maximal blood sampling volumes

A

No more than 10% TBV on a day
No more than 15% in four weeks

Ave rodent = 60-70ml/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name possible end points

A

Experimental endpoint
Error endpoint
Humane endpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define humane endpoint

A

Pre defined endpoint (in AEC application)
Animal must be euthanasia immediately.
Specific signs to look for…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Routes of administration

A 
Enteral
Intracutaneous
Subcutaneous 
Intramuscular
Intraperitoneal
Intravenous 
On skin/mucous membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Frequency of animal monitoring depends on

A

Severity of condition
Expected disease progression
Impact of procedure on animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Factors causing pain and distress

A 
Temp
Hypoxia
Oedema 
Electrolytes
Dehydration
Environment
NB- smaller animals lose heat faster and starve quicker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ability to detect pain and distress requires

A

Knowledge of rodent behavior

Systematic approach to observe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of observations for pain and distress

A 
Activity level
Attitude
Fur and skin- cyanotic, pale, greasy, lesions
Eyes- encrustation, clarity
Behavior- spontaneous, provoked
Body condition
Food/fluid intake
Posture
Locomotion
Neurological- tremor, head tilt, circling
Vital signs
16
Q

Four main facets of husbandry

A

Cages - IVC, filter top, open top. Density
Food and water
Bedding
Environmental enrichment

17
Q

Pros and cons of inbred strains

A

Pro - low variation = smaller samples needed

Cons - extrapolate to humans

18
Q

Way to get past low variation in inbred strains

A

Use F1 hybrids

19
Q

Pros and cons of outbred stock

A

Pro - more valid to humans?

Cons - more variation = large sample needed

20
Q

Types of genetically engineered mouse strains

A

Transgenesis
Homologous recombination
Random mutagenesis

21
Q

Standard diet for rodents

A

60% starch
20% protein
5% fat
4% fibre

22
Q

Microbial categories of animals

A

Germ free
Gnotobiotic
Specified pathogen free
Conventional

23
Q

Define signal

A

Difference between cases and controls = treatment effect

24
Q

How to calculate sample size

A
  1. Statistical power
  2. Statistical significance threshold
  3. Magnitude of meaningful Rx effect
  4. Expected variability of results
  5. Multiple comparisons
25
Q

Types of statistical errors

A

Type 1 - false positives (p value)

Type 2 - false negatives (power)

26
Q

Eggs of confounding variables

A 
Husbandry
Pain, stress, drugs
Noise , light
Different handlers
Inter individual variation (sex)
Intra individual variation (eg cortisol)
Experimental (pipetting)
27
Q

Two steps in euthanasia

A

Killing

Confirming death

28
Q

Methods of killing

A

Carbon dioxide- rising concentration, 20% per min for 5 mins, the leave for further 5 mins.

Halothane then CO2 - halothane for 5 mins then CO2 for 5 mins

Overdose anaesthetic - pentobarbitone

Cervical dislocation (max 200grams)

Decapitation

Destruction

29
Q

Methods to confirm death

A 
Rigor Morris
Cessation of circulation
Exanguination
Dislocation of neck
Decapitation etc..
30
Q

Define general anesthesia

A

Controlled and reversible loss of consciousness, caused by intoxication of CNS

31
Q

4 pillars of general anesthesia

A

Narcosis
Sensory block
Motor block
Maintained autonomic stability

32
Q

How do you detect inadequate anesthesia

A 
Deep pain
Eye blink reflex
Jaw tone
Whisker movement
Heart and reap rate increase
33
Q

Inhaled anaesthetic

A

Halothane, isoflurane

34
Q

Injected anaesthetic

A

Xylazine, ketamine

35
Q

Egsof peri operative care

A 
No stress
Do t withhold food
Accurate weight
Maintain body temp
Eyelube
Give fluids 
Pre and post operative analgesia
36
Q

Morphine for mice

A

Buprenorphine

37
Q

Surgical principles

A 
Aseptic
Gentle on tissues
Clean cuts
Careful haemostasis
Obliterate dead space
No tension on sutures

Animal Ethics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions