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FFM-2 Spring 2024 > FFM-2 Mini 2 > Flashcards

FFM-2 Mini 2 Flashcards

1
Q

1) Selective B1 blocker with cardioselectivity
2) Given orally or IV
3) Partial crossing of BBB
4) Used in patients with COPD/asthma as no bronchoconstriction observed
5) Preferentially blocks B1 but at high enough dose, will begin to block B2
6) Used to treat angina, HTN

A

Metoprolol

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2
Q

1) Reversible anticholinesterase
2) Protect ACh from degradation from AChE
3) Crosses BBB
4) Treatment of glaucoma
5) Antidote to atropine
6) Treats paralytic bladder/ileus

A

Physistigmine

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3
Q

1) Persistent activation of nicotinic receptors
2) Used to relax skeletal muscle in surgery
3) Active within 1 min; lasts 30 minutes
4) Can cause hyperkalemia due to release of K+ into blood

A

Succynlcholine

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4
Q

Feature of Traumatic Fat Necrosis

A

Focal areas of fat destruction resulting from repeated blunt force trauma
Usually seen in female breast tissue

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5
Q

1) Reversible anticholinesterase
2) Acts more on CNA
3) Used in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

A

Donepezil

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6
Q

Iron salts

A

Deferoxamine

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7
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Neural Crest Cells

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8
Q

Predominant Tone:
Iris

A

Parasympathetic - cholinergic

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9
Q

Locations of a1 receptors

A

Radial muscle of eye
Arterioles of skin/viscera
Veins
Trigone/sphincter of bladder

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10
Q

Cyanide
Treatment?

A

Nitrites
Thiosulfates

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11
Q

Predominant Tone:
Heart

A

Parasympathetic - cholinergic

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12
Q

1) Favors B2 over B1

A

Metaproterenol

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13
Q

Define: Undoing

A

Erasing an unacceptable event in past by adoption of acceptable behavior in present or atonement/confession

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14
Q

Internal genital ducts (minus lower vagina)

A

Intermediate mesoderm derivative

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15
Q

Oxidizing agents
Treatment?

A

Methylene blue

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16
Q

Muscarinic receptors:
M3

A

Smooth muscles

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17
Q

1) Mixed a1, a2, B1, B2 receptor agonist
2) Indirectly will release NE from nerve endings
3) Can cause tachyphylaxis
4) Crosses BBB
5) Used as nasal decongestant and CNS stimulant
6) Used to treat bronchial asthma and nasal congestion

A

Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine

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18
Q

Explain: Restriction

A

Restriction of participants to ONLY certain criteria

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19
Q

Blood vessels

A

Lateral mesoderm Splanchnic layer derivative

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20
Q

Feature of Coagulative Necrosis

A

Necrosis with cellular preservation of outlines and tissue

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21
Q

Inhibits choline reuptake into cell

A

Hemicholinium

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22
Q

1) Selective B3 receptor agonist
2) Used to relax detrusor muscle in bladder
3) Used in treatment of overactive bladder

A

Mirabegron

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23
Q

1) Selective a2 blocker
2) Competitive inhibition
3) Used primarily as sexual stimulant
4) Not used clinically

A

Yohimbine

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24
Q

Define: Acting out

A

Avoiding personally unacceptable feeling by behaving in attention-getting manner; usually social inappropriate manner

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25
Q

1) Nonselective B1/B2 blockers
2) Full blocking effect seen
3) Reduces production of aqueous humor in eye
4) Used in treatment of glaucoma (open-angle)

A

Timolol

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26
Q

Tanner Stages: Stage III
Males:
Females:

A

Males: Increase penis size with testicular enlargement
M/F: Dark, coarser, more curly hair
Females: Enlargement of areola and breast

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27
Q

Antagonist for Nn receptors

A

Tubocurarine
Curare derivatives

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28
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Lateral mesoderm Splanchnic layer derivative

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29
Q

Define: Denial

A

Not believing personally intolerable facts about reality

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30
Q

1) Direct action on cholinergic receptors
2) Able to cross BBB
3) Stimulates ONLY Nm
4) Used for emergency use in increased IOT (glaucoma)

A

Pilocarpine

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31
Q

1) Competative agonist at nicotinic receptors
2) Block affects of ACh without cellular depolarization
3) Used to relax skeletal muscles in surgery
4) Can cause respiratory paralysis at high enough doses

A

Pancuronium

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32
Q

Cyanide
Treatment?

A

Hydroxycobalamin

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33
Q

Schwanns cells
Satellite cells

A

Neural Crest Cells

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34
Q

Parotid gland

A

Surface ectoderm derivative

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35
Q

Predominant Tone:
GIT

A

Parasympathetic - cholinergic

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36
Q

1) Reverisible anticholinesterase
2) Long acting on AChE
3) Used in management of chronic MG
4) Usually lasts around 3-6 hours

A

Pyridostigmine

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37
Q

Explain: Matching

A

Pairing of individuals during sampling
Controls and close-match cases

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38
Q

Urinary bladder/urethra

A

Endoderm cell derivative

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39
Q

1) Blocks uptake of NE into synaptic terminal
2) Enhances NE sympathetic activity
3) Used as CNS stimulant

A

Cocaine

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40
Q

1) Used to block reflex changes in HR due to increased/decreased BP
2) Does NOT block reflex if direct acted upon
3) Rarely used in drug therapy

A

Trimethaphan

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41
Q

Postganglionic autonomic cells

A

Neural Crest Cells

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42
Q

1) Direct action on cholinergic receptors
2) Affects Nm more than Nn
3) Not therapeutically used
4) Used to dx bronchial hyperactivity/asthma

A

Methacholine

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43
Q

Define: Projective Identification

A

Pressuring others to feel your feelings

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44
Q

GI glands

A

Endoderm cell derivative

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45
Q

Notochord/Nucleus pulposus

A

Mesoderm derivative

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46
Q

Ways to control Confounding:
Design phase (3)

A

1) Randomization
2) Restriction
3) Matching

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47
Q

Sensory organs of inner ear

A

Surface ectoderm derivative

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48
Q

Predominant Tone:
Ciliary Muscles

A

Parasympathetic - cholinergic

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49
Q

1) Used to block reflex changes in HR due to increased/decreased BP
2) Does NOT block reflex if direct acted upon
3) Rarely used in drug therapy

A

Mecamylamine

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50
Q

1) Selective B1 receptor agonist; direct action
2) Increased force of contraction in heart (inotropic) with NO changes in chronotropic
3) Used in treatment of CHF/MI with failure
4) Can increase CO without need to increased O2 requirements for heart
5) Used for cardiogenic shock

A

Dobutamine

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51
Q

Predominant Tone:
Salivary glands

A

Predominant Tone:
Cholinergic

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52
Q

1) Selective a2 receptor agonist; direct action
2) Decreases outflow of ACh to periphery
3) Lowers BP, withdrawal effects from drugs
4) Used to treat open-angle glaucoma
5) Causes drowsiness, sexual dysfunction, Xerostomia/constipation

A

Clonidone/Apraclonidine

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53
Q

Ways to control Confounding:
Analysis phase (3)

A

1) Standardization
2) Stratified analysis
3) Multivariant Analysis

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54
Q

Iron
Chelator?

A

Deferoxamine
Deferasirox

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55
Q

1) Reversible anticholinesterase
2) Short action to protect ACh from AChE (10-20 minutes)
3) Used to Dx Myasthenia Gravis

A

Edrophium

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56
Q

Locations of Muscarinic receptors:
M3

A

GIT smooth muscle
Gq = increase IP3, DAG, Ca2+

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57
Q

Increase release of ACh into synapse

A

Latrotoxin (spider venom)

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58
Q

Define: Transference

A

Patient unconsiously deposits feelings/attitudes from past relationships/situations to present
Patient to provider

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59
Q

1) Similar to atropine
2) Used to treat motion sickness

A

Scopolamine

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60
Q

Odontoblasts/dentin

A

Neural Crest Cells

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61
Q

Irritant Gases
Treatment?

A

Humidified O2
Bronchodilators

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62
Q

Beta blockers
Treatment?

A

Glucagon

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63
Q

Feature of Liquefactive Necrosis

A

Necrosis with loss of cellular outline AND tissue architecture
Seen in brain

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64
Q

Define: Somatization

A

Turning unacceptable impulse/feeling into physical symptom

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65
Q

CO
Treatment?

A

100% O2

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66
Q

Define: Isolation of affect

A

Failing to experience feeling associated with stressful life event; logical understand SIGNIFICANCE of event

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67
Q

Dermis

A

Lateral mesoderm Somatic layer derivative

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68
Q

Lead/Mercury
Chelator?

A

Succimer
DSMA

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69
Q

Feature of Gangrenous Necrosis

A

Structureless tissue debris with no cellular outlines
Neutrophils (PMN’s)

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70
Q

Benzodiazapine
Treatment?

A

Flumazenil

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71
Q

Explain: Multivariant analysis (MANOVA)

A

Allows for adjustment of many variables at the same time to be analyzed

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72
Q

1) Cholinergic drug
2) Rapidly degraded by AChE within seconds
3) Will not cross BBB
4) Affects M3 receptors in various areas
5) Affects on M3 receptors yields contraction

A

Acetylcholine

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73
Q

Hydrogen sulfide
Treatment?

A

Nitrite

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74
Q

Lead
Chelator?

A

EDTA

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75
Q

Prostrate/bulbourethral glands

A

Endoderm cell derivative

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76
Q

1) Selective B1 blocker with cardioselectivity
2) Partial crossing of BBB
3) Used in patients with COPD/asthma as no bronchoconstriction observed
4) Preferentially blocks B1 but at high enough dose, will begin to block B2
5) Used to treat angina, HTN

A

Atenolol

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77
Q

Calculation of osmolar gap

A

(2*[Na]) + ([Glucose]/18) + ([BUN]/3)

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78
Q

Gonads

A

Intermediate mesoderm derivative

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79
Q

Locations of Muscarinic receptors:
M2

A

Heart
Gi; decrease cAMP

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80
Q

Tanner Stages: Stage V
Males:
Females:

A

Males: Adult size/shape of penis
M/F: Hair spread to medial surfaces of thighs
Females: Recession of areola to contours of breast; projection of papilla

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81
Q

1) Nonselective for a1, a2, B1 receptors; direct action
2) REFLEX bradycardia seen
3) Will increase BP and TPR
4) No change in pulse pressure noted
5) Used to treat vasodilatory shock; cardiogenic shock

A

Norepinephrine

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82
Q

1) REACTIVATOR of AChE
2) Will bind to anionic site of AChE
3) If given within 24 hrs, will reactivate AChE

A

Pralidoxime

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83
Q

Define: Pyknosis

A

Nuclear shrinkage

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84
Q

Define: Reverse Transference

A

Doctors feeling toward patient in uncharacteristic manner
Doctor to patient transference

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85
Q

Somatic motor nerves

A

Neuroectoderm derivative

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86
Q

Preganglionic autonomic nerves

A

Neuroectoderm derivative

87
Q

1) Nonselective B1/B2 blockers
2) Can block a receptors as well
3) Vasodilation of peripheral = decreased overall BP
4) WILL NOT alter serum lipid/glucose levels
5) Used in HTN emergencies = no reflex tachycardia seen
6) C/I in asthmatics/COPD-ers and diabetics

88
Q

D
U
M
B
B
E
L
S
S

A

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasms
Emesis
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation

89
Q

1) Directly acts on cholinergic receptors
2) Used predominantly in ocular solutions
3) Used to treat glaucoma

90
Q

Greater vestibular glands

A

Endoderm cell derivative

91
Q

Define: Dissociation

A

Separation of function of mental processes

92
Q

1) Competative agonist at nicotinic receptors
2) Block affects of ACh without cellular depolarization
3) Used to relax skeletal muscles in surgery
4) Can cause respiratory paralysis at high enough doses

A

Mivacurium

93
Q

Tanner Stages: Stage IV
Males:
Females:

A

Males: Further enlargement of testicles; glans penis develops
M/F: Adult hair type on smaller area
Females: Projection of areola and papilla

94
Q

1) Antiadrenergic drug with indirect action receptors
2) Inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase
3) Used in treatment of pheochromocytoma
4) Adverse effects of orthostatic hypotension

A

Metyrosine

95
Q

Acetaminophen
Treatment?

96
Q

Explain: Stratified analysis

A

Further dividing of participants into a more narrow criteria

97
Q

Epidermis/Epidermal appendages

A

Surface ectoderm derivative

98
Q

Brain/spinal cord

A

Neuroectoderm derivative

99
Q

1) Competative agonist at nicotinic receptors
2) Block affects of ACh without cellular depolarization
3) Used to relax skeletal muscles in surgery
4) Can cause respiratory paralysis at high enough doses

A

Rocuronium

100
Q

Somatic sensory nerves

A

Neural Crest Cells

101
Q

1) Mixed acting a1/a2 receptor agonist
2) Used as nasal decongestant
3) Causes SEVERE HTN

A

Phenylpropanolamine

102
Q

1) Used to block reflex changes in HR due to increased/decreased BP
2) Does NOT block reflex if direct acted upon
3) Blocks bradycardia with use of phenylephrine
4) Rarely used in drug therapy

A

Hexamethonium

103
Q

Some head/neck CT/dermis/bone

A

Neural Crest Cells

104
Q

Antagonist for Nm

A

Hexamethonium
Mecamylamine

105
Q

Nuclear changes seen in Necrosis
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Karyolysis
2) Pyknosis
3) Karyorrhexis

106
Q

Mushroom poisoning with muscarinic excess symptoms
Treatment?

107
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

Surface ectoderm derivative

108
Q

Explain: Randomization

A

Equalizes proportions in treatment/control groups for many different characteristics

109
Q

1) Selective a1 receptor blocker
2) HIGH FIRST PASS METABOLISM
3) Used as antiHTN; assist with urinary issues
4) Can cause orthostatic hypotension; HA/Dizziness
5) Cause sexual dysfunction and miosis

A

Prazosin
Tamsulosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin

110
Q

Normal range of Anion gap

A

12-16 mEq/L

111
Q

Muscarinic receptors:
M1

A

CNS/neurons

112
Q

Mammary glands

A

Surface ectoderm derivative

113
Q

Fluoride or Ca2+ blockers

114
Q

Limb bones

A

Lateral mesoderm Somatic layer derivative

115
Q

Define: Regression

A

Appearance of childlike patterns of behavior during stressful situations

116
Q

1) Nonselective for B1/B2
2) Partial blocking seen due to intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
3) Less bradycardia seen due to partial blockage
4) Minimal changes in plasma lipid concentration
5) Used in HTN with moderate bradycardia in DM

117
Q

Predominant Tone:
Sweat Gland

A

Sympathetic - cholinergic

118
Q

Define: Social learning

A

Learn through observation
Bobo doll

119
Q

Inhibits vesicular storage of ACh

120
Q

Dura mater

A

Mesoderm derivative

121
Q

1) Releases large amounts of CE from nerve terminal
2) False NT - taken up as NT but converted into different agonist
3) Not used clinically
4) Found in fermented foods
5) Will precipitate “cheese reaction” if given with MAO-I’s

122
Q

1) Synthetic Alkaloid
2) Competative antagonist at muscarinic receptors
3) Fewer side effects than atropine
4) Used as a bronchodilator

A

Ipratronium

123
Q

1) Direct action on cholinergic receptors
2) Reversed by use of atropine
3) DUMBBELSS

124
Q

Retina

A

Neuroectoderm derivative

125
Q

Thyroid follicle cells

A

Endoderm cell derivative

126
Q

Thymus

A

Endoderm cell derivative

127
Q

Define: Rationalization

A

Giving seemingly reasonable explanations for unacceptable/irrational feelings

128
Q

Define: Reaction formation

A

Denying unacceptable feelings and adopting opposite attitudes

129
Q

Predominant Tone:
Veins

A

Sympathetic - adrenergic

130
Q

Calculation of anion gap

A

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

131
Q

1) Nonselective a1/a2 blocker; IRREVERSBLE
2) Prevents vasoconstriction; can cause reflex tachycardia
3) Used to block affects of CE release from pheochromocytoma tumor
4) Used to treat HTN, pheochromocytoma and Raynaud’s Disease
5) C/I in patients with decreased coronary perfusion

A

Phenoxybenzamine

132
Q

Define: Operant conditioning

A

Learn through reinforcement or punishment

133
Q

Methanol/Ethylene glycol
Treatment?

A

Ethanol
Fomepizole

134
Q

Tympanic cavity and auditory tube

A

Endoderm cell derivative

135
Q

Define: Intellectualization

A

Using the mind’s higher functions to avoid experiencing uncomfortable emotions

136
Q

1) Blocks muscarinic receptors
2) Enters BBB
3) Blocks M3 receptors in eyes, GIT
4) Can enter CNS = cause hallucinations and disorientation
5) Used as preanesthetic; for bradycardia, and mydriasis/cycloplegia

137
Q

1) Irreversible anticholinesterase
2) Reacts with esoteric site of AChE
3) WIll undergo aging

138
Q

1) Derived from plant in SA
2) Competative agonist at nicotinic receptors
3) Block affects of ACh WITHOUT cell depolarization
4) Used to relax skeletal muscles in surgery
5) Respiratory paralysis if dose high enough

A

Tubocurarine

139
Q

1) Nonselective a1, a2, B1, B2 receptor agonist
2) Will increase BP at high doses; can vasodepress at lower doses
3) Bronchodilation within lungs
4) Cause of hyperglycemia
5) Relaxation of smooth muscles in GIT; urinary retention
6) Cause of mydriasis
7) Used to treat bronchospasms/anaphylaxis; glaucoma; cardiac arrest

A

Epinephrine

140
Q

Delirium from anticholinergic drugs
Treatment?

A

Physostigmine

141
Q

1) Long duration of action
2) Will decrease overall cardiac workload - decreasing O2 requirements for patient with angina
3) Blocks vasodilation - decrease BP
4) Causes bronchoconstriction in lungs
5) Blocks epinephrine-induced fasting hypoglycemia
6) Used with HTN, Angina, Hyperthyroidism, Pheochromocytoma

142
Q

Digoxin and related glycosides

A

Digoxin Abs

143
Q

Tanner Stages: Stage II
Males:
Females:

A

Males: Testicular volume < 3mL; scrotal skin changes
M/F: Sparse growth of pubic hair along labia/penis
Females: Breast bud stage

144
Q

Define: Classical conditioning

A

Learn through association
Pavlov’s dog

145
Q

1) Alkaloid
2) Used to decrease bladder spasm/overactive bladder

A

Solifenacin

146
Q

Narcotic drugs
Treatment?

147
Q

1) Irreversible anticholinesterase
2) Reacts with esoteric site of AChE
3) WIll undergo aging

148
Q

Kidney/ureters

A

Intermediate mesoderm derivative

149
Q

1) Indirect action on receptors
2) Will increase release of NE, Dopamine, Serotonin
3) Affects seen in CNS primarily; can be seen in PNS as well
4) Used as CNS stimulant - will increase BP and HR
5) Used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

A

Amphetamine

150
Q

Nicotinic receptors:
Nm

A

Seen at ALL NMJ

151
Q

Neuroglial cells
1) Astrocytes
2) Oligodendrocytes
3) Ependymal cells

A

Neuroectoderm derivative

152
Q

1) Nonselective B1/B2 blockers
2) Can block a receptors as well
3) Vasodilation of peripheral = decreased overall BP
4) WILL NOT alter serum lipid/glucose levels
5) Used in HTN emergencies = no reflex tachycardia seen
6) C/I in asthmatics/COPD-ers and diabetics

A

Carvedilol

153
Q

Explain: Standardization

A

Comparison of rates among population with different underlying structures

154
Q

1) Nonselective B receptor agonist; direct action
2) Increase HR and contractility
3) Will decrease TPR and BP
4) Does NOT cause hyperglycemia
5) Used for bronchodilation, heart blocks, and bradyarrythmias
6) C/I in ANY type of shock

A

Isoproterenol

155
Q

Define: Splitting

A

Believing people/events are either bad/good because of intolerance of ambiguity

156
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Paraxial mesoderm derivative

157
Q

Pia mater
Arachnoid mater

A

Neural Crest Cells

158
Q

1) a2 agonist
2) Not a true NT - is converted into different type of a2 agonist
3) Functions to decrease tone
4) Used to treat HTN in pregnant women

A

Methyldopa

159
Q

Tanner Stages: Stage I
Males:
Females:

A

Males: testiculr volume < 3mL
Females: No pubic hair; elevation of papilla only of breasts

160
Q

Anal canal below pectinate line

A

Surface ectoderm derivative

161
Q

1) Selective B2 receptor agonist; direct action
2) Used to relax uterine muscles in pregnant female patients (cessation of preterm labor)

A

Terbutaline/Ritrodine

162
Q

Define: Projection

A

Attributing one’s personally unacceptable feeling to others

163
Q

Liver

A

Endoderm cell derivative

164
Q

Somatic/Autonomic ganglia

A

Neural Crest Cells

165
Q

Define: Karyorrhexis

A

Nuclear fragmentation

166
Q

1) Reversible anticholinesterase
2) Related to neostigmine
3) Used to treat open-angle/closed-angle glaucoma

A

Demercaium

167
Q

Organophosphate ChE inhibitors
Treatment?

A

Pralidoxime
2-PAM

168
Q

Anticholinesterase intoxication
Treatment?

169
Q

1) Irreversible anticholinesterase
2) Impossible to reverse once aging occurs
3) Stimulation of cholinergic receptors - paralysis
4) Produces mitosis in eyes
5) Used to treat chronic open-angle glaucoma
6) Organophosphate

A

Echothiophate

170
Q

Inhibit release of ACh from vesicles into synapse

A

Botulinum toxin

171
Q

1) Nonselective for B1/B2 - selectivity for B1
2) Partial agonist for B receptors
3) Less bradycardia seen due to partial blockage
4) Minimal changes in plasma lipid concentration
5) Used in HTN with moderate bradycardia in DM

A

Acebutolol

172
Q

Define: Displacement

A

Transferance of emotions from UNACCEPTABLE to ACCEPTABLE person/object

173
Q

Pancreas

A

Endoderm cell derivative

174
Q

1) Selective a2 blocker
2) Primarily used as antidepressant

A

Mirtazapine

175
Q

Axial skeleton:
1) Ribs
2) Vertebrae
3) Skull (minus bones from neural crest)

A

Paraxial mesoderm derivative

176
Q

1) Nonselective B1/B2 FULL blocker
2) Can cross BBB
3) Decreases most activity within heart (HR)
4) Decreases BP due to vasodilation; decrease insulin causing hyperglycemia
5) Causes bronchoconstriction in lungs
6) Used with HTN, Angina, Hyperthyroidism, Pheochromocytoma
7) C/I in asthmatics, Diabetics, Prinzmetal angina

A

Propanalol

177
Q

Submandibular/sublingual glands

A

Endoderm cell derivative

178
Q

1) Nonselective a1/a2 blockers; competitive and reversible
2) Prevents vasoconstriction
3) Will cause reflex tachcardia
4) Used to treat HTN, pheochromocytoma and Raynaud’s Disease
5) C/I in patients with decreased coronary perfusion

A

Phentolamine

179
Q

1) Selective B1 blocker with cardioselectivity
2) Partial crossing of BBB
3) Used in patients with COPD/asthma as no bronchoconstriction observed
4) Preferentially blocks B1 but at high enough dose, will begin to block B2
5) Used to treat angina, HTN
6) Shortest acting of B1 blockers with cardioselectivity

180
Q

Predominant Tone:
Genital tract

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

181
Q

Feature of Fibrinoid Necrosis

A

Extracellular degeneration with accumulation of fibrinoid tissue within injured vascular wall
Seen in endothelium; indication of SEVERE vascular injury

182
Q

Feature of Caseous Necrosis

A

Necrosis with loss of tissue architecture and cellular outlines, but is FIRM in consitency
Seen with TB, Histoplasma

183
Q

1) Selective B2 blocker

A

Butoxamine

184
Q

Aorticopulmonary septum

A

Neural Crest Cells

185
Q

Lens of eyes

A

Surface ectoderm derivative

186
Q

1) Reversible anticholinesterase
2) Protects ACh from AChE
3) Intermediate acting on AChE
4) Does NOT enter CNS
5) Reversal agent for anethesia
6) Treatment for paralytic ileus/bladder
7) Used for treatment of symptomatic MG
8) Antidote for Tubocurarine/other NM blocking agents

A

Neostigmine

187
Q

Predominant Tone:
Bladder

A

Parasympathetic - cholinergic

188
Q

Muscarinic receptors:
M2

A

Heart predominately

189
Q

1) Synthetic Alkaloid
2) Competative antagonist at muscarinic receptors
3) Unable to cross BBB
4) Blocks vagal inputs in heart
5) Reduce bronchial secretions in surgery

A

Glycopyrrolate

190
Q

Ameloblasts/tooth enamel

A

Surface ectoderm derivative

191
Q

Theophylline/caffeine/metaproterenol
Treatment?

192
Q

Respiratory tract

A

Endoderm cell derivative

193
Q

Feature of Enzymatic Fat Necrosis

A

Focal areas of fat destruction resulting from abnormal release of pancreatic enzymes
Cause from acute pancreatitis

194
Q

Cardiotoxic drugs (tricyclic antidepressants)
Treatment?

195
Q

Define: Identification

A

Unconscious patterning of one’s behaviors after that of someone more powerful

196
Q

Melanocytes of skin

A

Neural Crest Cells

197
Q

Aspirin
Treatment?

A

IV fluids
IV Bicarb
Gastric lavage

198
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Surface ectoderm derivative

199
Q

1) Nonselective D1, B1, a1 agonist; direct action
2) Affects dependent on level of dose: low, D1; medium, B1, high, a1
3) Increase contractility/outflow from heart; renal blood flow; urine output
4) Used in treatment of cardiogenic/neurogenic shock

200
Q

Copper
Chelator?

A

Penicillamine

201
Q

Heart/cardiac muscle

A

Lateral mesoderm Splanchnic layer derivative

202
Q

1) Selective B2 receptor agonist; direct action
2) Functions as bronchodilator; suppression of inflammatory mediators in lungs; increases mucocilliary clearance
3) Used in treatment of asthma, COPD, Hyperkalemia
4) Can cause hypokalemia and hyperglycemia

A

Albuterol/Terbutaline
Pirbuterol
Salmeterol
Formeterol

203
Q

Sternum

A

Lateral mesoderm Somatic layer derivative

204
Q

Nicotinic receptors:
Nn

A

Seen at ganglia and adrenal medulla

205
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Neuroectoderm derivative

206
Q

Predominant Tone:
Arterioles

A

Sympathetic - adrenergic

207
Q

1) B blocker with K+ channel blockage
2) Used in antiarrythmia cases

208
Q

Lower vagina

A

Endoderm cell derivative

209
Q

1) Direct action on cholinergic receptors
2) Stimulation of paralytic bladder/ileus
3) Used for congenital megacolon
4) Usually post-op or postpartum

A

Bethanechol

210
Q

1) Selective a1 receptor agonist; direct action
2) Can elicit bradycardia with increase BP
3) Used as decongestant, with local anesthetics
4) Causes contraction of radial muscles of eye (mydriasis)
5) C/I due to increased BP; photophobia; and anginal pain

A

Phenylephrine
Methoxamine
Oxymetazoline

211
Q

Define: Karyolysis

A

Nuclear dissolution

212
Q

Locations of Muscarinic receptors:
M1

A

CNS
Gq = increase IP3, DAG and Ca2+

213
Q

GIT Lining

A

Endoderm cell derivative

214
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Intermediate mesoderm derivative

FFM-2 Spring 2024 (2 decks)

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