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Regional Fire Exam > FF1 > Flashcards

FF1 Flashcards

1
Q

Facts of a Ventilation limited fire

A

-May look small but has potential to grow
-Room may be filled with gas/vapor fuel

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2
Q

What are the 4 stages of fire development

A

-Incipient
-Growth
-Fully Developed
-Decay

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3
Q

What is a smoke explosion

A

Thick smoke with large amounts of hydrocarbons igniting in an explosion.

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4
Q

What is Black Fire

A

High volume, high velocity, ultra dense black smoke. Up to 1000 degrees f and can damage steel and concrete.

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5
Q

3 main gasses in oxygen

A

Oxygen 21%
Nitrogen 78%
Argon 1%

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6
Q

Define Ignition Temperature

A

Min. temp at which fuel when heated will ignite in the presence of air.

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7
Q

Define Flash Point

A

Min. temp at which a liquid produces a flammable vapor. This is not a sustainable fire. Just a flash.

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8
Q

Fire Point

A

Min. temp at which a liquid produces enough vapor to sustain a continuous fire. Comes just after the flash point.

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9
Q

What is in the Fire Tetrahedron

A

Fire tetrahedron

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10
Q

What is Conduction

A

-Process of transferring heat to and through one solid to another

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11
Q

What is convection

A

The transfer of heat by the flow of gases or fluid from hotter areas to cooler areas

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12
Q

Describe Backdraft conditions

A

-Super-heated gas that is oxygen deficient. Getting an infusion of oxygen and igniting all the vapor fuel in the room.
-Signs are smoke stained windows, turbulent smoke, thick yellow smoke, a breathing fire.

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13
Q

What is Oxidation

A

When oxygen combines with other substances to create new compounds

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14
Q

What is Pyrolysis

A

Thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures.

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15
Q

Is Carbon Monoxide dangerous?

A

Yes, it replaces oxygen in the blood stream by binding to hemoglobin molecules at a rate 200x more than O2.

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16
Q

What does Hydrogen Cyanide come from?

A

Comes from plastic and foam products
-interferes with cellular reproduction

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17
Q

What are symptoms of Phosgene exposure?

A

Low levels- itchy eyes, sore throat and burning cough.
High levels- Pulmonary edema ( fluid retention in the lungs)

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18
Q

What can Carbon Dioxide exposure cause?

A

Can replace O2 in the are and cause hypoxia
-Non-toxic

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19
Q

Give an example of heat flux.

A

If a sofa is burning and heat is moving up to the ceiling. Heat flux will indicate how much heat is being transferred to the ceiling.

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20
Q

Describe Flow Path

A

Where heat, smoke and air flow from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure.

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21
Q

Describe conditions of Flashover

A

All exposed surfaces will heat to about 1000 degrees. At this point all surfaces in the room can ignite.

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22
Q

What is Rollover

A

Spontaneous ignition of hot gases in the upper level of a room. Flashover is imminent at this point.

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23
Q

What is Thermal Layering

A

When the air at the top of the room is hotter than the air near the floor.

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24
Q

What is Class A fire

A

Ordinary solid materials

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25
Q

What is a Class B fire

A

This is a liquid fire

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26
Q

What is a Class C fire?

A

This is an energized electrical fire.

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27
Q

What is a Class D fire?

A

This is a combustible metals fire.

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28
Q

What is a Class K fire?

A

This is Oils and Fats fire. Kitchen fire

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29
Q

What is Spalling

A

As concrete heats up the moister inside expands turning to steam. This leads to cracking and sections breaking off.

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30
Q

Why are mineral salts impregnated into wood?

A

It helps make the wood resistant to fire.

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31
Q

Disadvantage of engineered wood

A

-Prone to warping
-Contains toxic products
-It burns quickly

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32
Q

What is Balloon frame construction

A

-The wood studs in the wall run from the floor to the roof on the second floor.
-This causes fire to spread more rapidly between floors.
-This is a feature of older homes 1800-Mid 1900s

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33
Q

What is platform- frame construction?

A

The wall studs are not continuous from floor to floor. They are broken up by the floor running the entire width of the level.
-More modern construction.

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34
Q

What is hybrid building construction??

A

This is a building that has features of multiple types of construction.
-Usually due to renovations

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35
Q

What are the 3 types of truss?

A

Parallel Chord truss
Pitch Chord truss
Bowstring truss

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36
Q

Examples of Extra Hazard buildings

A

Wood shops
Auto repair shops

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37
Q

Type 1 Stored-Pressure Water-Type Fire Extinguishers

A

-Standard water extinguisher

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38
Q

Type 2 Water Mist Fire Extinguishers (white and blue)

A

-Safe to use on Class A and C fires (2A:C)
-Operator must be within 5-12 feet (2-4 m)
-Should be used where regular extinguishers may cause excessive damage

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39
Q

Type 3 Loaded-Stream Fire Extinguishers

A

-Can be used in areas that are subject to freezing
-These extinguishers combine an alkaline metal, salt and water.
-The most common model is the 2.5-gal (9-L) unit, identical to stored-pressure extinguisher

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40
Q

Type 4 Wetting-Agent and Class A Foam Water-Type Extinguishers

A

-Wetting-agent extinguishers expel water that contains a solution to reduce surface tension.
-Allows water to spread over the fire and penetrate more efficiently into Class A fuels
-Do not expose these to temperatures below 40ºF (4ºC).

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41
Q

Type 5 Pump Tank Fire Extinguishers

A

-Range from 1-A rated, 1.5-gal (6-L) to 4-A rated, 5-gal (19-L) units.
-The water in these units is not stored under pressure.

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42
Q

Type 6 Backpack Fire Extinguishers

A

Used in wild land firefighting

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43
Q

Type 7 Dry Chemical Extinguishers

A

-Deliver a stream of very finely ground particles onto a fire.
-First, the finer particles of the chemical vaporize when they reach the flame and release a vapor that interrupts flame chemistry.
-Particles shield the fuel surface from the flame radiation, thereby reducing the rate at which the burning fuel is being vaporized.
-Rated for Class B and C fires only with the exception of Ammonium phosphate. This is used on Class A,B,C fires.

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44
Q

Type 8 Multipurpose Dry-Chemical Extinguishers

A

Special dry chemical that can be used on all EXCEPT class K

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45
Q

Type 9 Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

A

-Colorless, odorless, and nontoxic
-Envelopes fuel in a cloud of inert gas
-Also cools the burning material
-Disrupts the fuel’s ability to vaporize
-Both an expelling agent and an extinguishing agent
-Rated for Class B and C fires
-Does not conduct electricity
-Is not corrosive
-Does not leave any residue

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46
Q

Type 10 Class B Foam Extinguishers

A

-Instead of plain water, they discharge a solution of water and either AFFF or FFFP foam.

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47
Q

Type 11 Wet Chemical Extinguishers

A

-Used on Class K fires
-The wet agents convert the fatty acids in cooking oils or fats to a soap

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48
Q

Type 12 Halogenated-Agent Fire Extinguishers

A

Called “clean agents” because they leave no residue and are ideally suited for areas that contain computers or sensitive equipment

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49
Q

Type 13 Dry-Powder Extinguishers and Extinguishing Agents

A

-For Class D fires involving combustible metals
-Usually carried on specialty apparatus, such as hazardous materials units

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50
Q

2 popular door opening hand tools

A

K-Tool: used in through the lock method.
Shove Knife: used to open outward swinging doors.

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51
Q

Types of handsaws

A

Hacksaw
Carpenters handsaw
Coping saw
Keyhole saw

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52
Q

How often do extinguishers need hydro static testing?

A

Every 5 OR 12 years, depending on the vessel and construction type.

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53
Q

Halligan tool parts

A

ADZ
PICK
FORK

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54
Q

What is the MIN pressure a hydrant should be at?

A

Hydrant pressure should be 20PSI.

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55
Q

What is a Dry-Barrel hydrant?

A

This is frost proof hydrant that has a valve below ground level.

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56
Q

What is the Residual pressure in a line?

A

-Pressure remaining in system when water is flowing
-Decreases as more water flows

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57
Q

What is Dry Hydrant??

A

This is used in a static water source. Also called a drafting hydrant.

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58
Q

What is the most common attack hose and its flow rate?

A

1-3/4 at a rate of 120-180 GPM

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59
Q

What is a booster hoses diameter and flow rate?

A

1” in diameter and flows 40-50 gpm.
Not for structural or vehicle fires

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60
Q

What qualifies as a LDH

A

Any hose 3” and larger

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61
Q

What is the flow rate of a 2-1/2” line?

A

Hose with flow rate of 250 GPM

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62
Q

What is a Higbee indicator?

A

The notch on hose couplings that indicates thread position?

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63
Q

What is a Storz-type connection?

A

A connection used for LDH that has no threads.

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64
Q

What is this called?

A

Gated Wye connector

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65
Q

What is this called?

A

Water Thief

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66
Q

What is this called?

A

A Siamese connection

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67
Q

What are these?

A

These are adaptors

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68
Q

What is this?

A

A reducer.

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69
Q

What is a hose clamp used for?

A

-This is used to clamp a line to stop the flow of water.
-Used when adding hose or making changed to a charged hose-line.

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70
Q

What does a Clapper mechanism do?

A

This prevents water from running backwards in the line.

71
Q

Name the 2 types of rope.

A

Life Safety Rope
-Technical Use is 3/8” to less than 1/2”. Has 4496lb breaking strength.
-General Life Safety is common in the fire service. 7/16”-5/8”

Utility Rope- for general hoisting applications. Not for humans.

72
Q

Fact about Kernmantle Rope
-name 2 parts of rope
-name 2 types

A

-Kern is the center section
-Mantle is the sheath
-Block Creel construction
-Dynamic rope has elasticity
-Static rope has less elasticity

73
Q

Name the 3 parts of a rope when tying knots.

A

Working end- used to form knots
Running end- used to hoist
Standing part- part between working and running.

74
Q

Name these 3 turns.

A

Bite
Loop
Round Turn

75
Q

What are Hitches used for? Half and Clove

A

Half hitch
-Used only in conjunction with other knots.
-Long objects may need several half hitches.
Clove hitch
-Used to attach rope to a round object
-Can be tied anywhere in a rope
-Will hold if tension is applied
-2 methods: in the open and around an object

76
Q

What are Loop Knots used for?

A

Figure-eight knot
-Used to produce a family of other knots
-Seldom used alone
Figure-eight on a bight
-Secures loop at the working end
-Can be used to attach rope to fixed object or a piece of equipment

77
Q

What are Loop knots used for? 2nd card

A

Figure-eight follow-through
-Useful for attaching a rope to a fixed ring or a solid object with an “eye”
Figure-eight bend
-Used to join two ropes together
Bowline
-Can also be used for form a loop
-Used to secure a rope to an object or anchor point or hoist equipment

78
Q

4 Types of rope used in the fire service.

A

Life safety
Escape
Throwline
Utility

79
Q

3 types of wood doors

A

Ledge Doors
-Wood doors with horizontal bracing
-Found on warehouses, sheds, and barns
Panel Doors
-Solid-wood doors made from solid planks to form a rigid frame with solid-wood panels set into the frame
-Resist fire longer than hollow-core slab doors and are easier to breach than solid-core slab doors

80
Q

What is a Double-Hung window?

A

2 sliding panes

81
Q

What is a Single Hung window?

A

1 sliding pane

82
Q

What is a Jalousie Window?

A

Adjustable, overlapping sections of tempered glass
-Operated by hand crank
-Difficult to force
-Avoid if possible

83
Q

What kind of window is this?

A

Awning window
-generally uses a hand crank to open.

84
Q

What kind of window is this?

A

Casement window

85
Q

What does a Projected window look like?

A

Hinges at the top.

86
Q

What to look out for when breaching an exterior wall.

A

-Often load-bearing
-Breaking through can be very difficult.
-Best tools are battering ram, sledgehammer, rotary saw

87
Q

What to look or when breaching Interior Walls.

A

-Breaching an interior wall can be dangerous.
-Many walls contain electrical wiring, plumbing, cable wires, and telephone wires.
-May also be load-bearing; extreme caution should be taken if any studs are removed.

88
Q

What to look for when breaching Floors.

A

-Most floors are wood or poured concrete.
-Both can be difficult to breach.
-Important information can observed from below.
-This is truly a last resort.
-Use a rotary saw with appropriate blade.
-Chainsaw might be a better choice for a wood floor.

89
Q

Name 4 parts of a ladder.

A

Tip
Rungs
Beams
Butt
Butt Spurs

90
Q

What does a “trussed beam” ladders rails look like?

A

The beams are made up of 2 parallel rails matted with a truss block.
Usually used for longer extension ladders.

91
Q

What do Tie Rods do on the ladders that have them?

A

Tie rods
-A metal bar that runs from one beam of the ladder to the other to keep the beams from separating
-Typically found in wood ladders

92
Q

Name 4 extension ladder parts.

A

Fly Section
Pulley
Guides
Pawls
Bed Section
Butt or Heel

93
Q

What makes a Bangor ladder special?

A

Staypoles used
Used when extending 40 plus feet

94
Q

What is special about a Folding ladder?

A

-Also called an attic ladder
-Narrow, collapsing ladder
-Two beams fold in for enhanced portability
-Commonly available in to14-ft (2.4-4.3 m) lengths

95
Q

What kind of ladder is this?

A

Fresno Ladder
-Narrow, two-section ladder
-Can be used in tight spaces
-Commonly available in 10 to 14 ft (3.0–4.3 m) lengths

96
Q

When setting up a ladder use the 1/4 height rule.

A

Should be spaced out 1/4 of the height away from the building.

97
Q

What types of ladders should an Aerial Apparatus have?

A

Ground ladders totaling 115’
Containing
-1 folding
-2 straight
-2 extension

98
Q

What types of ladders do a Engine/pumper have?

A

1 Folding
1 straight with Roof Hooks
1 Extension

99
Q

What type of ladders should a quick attack apparatus have?

A

1 combination or extension ladder 12’ or longer

100
Q

What kind of ladders should a QUINT have?

A

Ground ladders totaling longer than 85’
-1 folding
-1 straight with hooks
-1 extension

101
Q

Max weight limit and height above roof line for ladders.

A

Usually 750 lbs
5 ladder rungs above roof line

102
Q

2 way to raise a ladder.

A

Beam raise

Flat raise

103
Q

Window access should look like this.

A

Window access
Ladder tip should be at the side of and even with the top of a window.

104
Q

Window rescue ladder placement.

A

Window rescues
Ladder tip should be at the windowsill.

105
Q

Carrying a ladder with 1 FF should meet these req.

A

Most straight and roof ladders less than 18 ‘
-Straight ladder moves butt first
-Rood ladder moves tip first

106
Q

How should you carry a extension ladder up to 35’

A

Shoulder carry with 2FF

107
Q

How should you carry heavy ladders longer than 35’

A

At least 3FF

108
Q

Whats is a Transitional attack?

A

-Offensive attack initiated by quick, indirect, exterior attack into the fire compartment.
-Goal to cool fire room so you can move to an interior fire attack.

109
Q

Questions to ask when doing a Search and Rescue size up.

A

-Occupancy information
-Occupancy type
-building size, construction and arrangement
-Visible smoke and fire conditions
-Time of day and week

110
Q

Where do you start a primary search?

A

On the fire floor then working your way up. Anything below the fire is usually last to search.

111
Q

4 types of Search are?

A

-Standard 2FF search
-Oriented Search 3FF (has search officer)
-Oriented-Vent-Enter-Isolate-search (O-VEIS)
-Team Search method (rope search)

112
Q

Important vertical ventilation points.

A

-Openings should be made as close to seat of fire as possible.
-Signs of hottest point
-Smoke from roof area
-Melted asphalt shingles
-Steam coming from roof
-Must be a horizontal intake vent to admit air
-Horizontal vents on floor above fire can vertically vent the fire.

113
Q

Positive pressure ventilation, what is it??

A

Forcing fresh air into a building to move smoke out of a ventilation opening.

114
Q

What type of roof cut is this

A

Louvered vent

115
Q

What kind of ventilation cut is this?

A

Trench Cut

116
Q

What is a Kerf cut?

A

This is a small triangular cut used to locate fire.

117
Q

What is used in horizontal ventilation?

A

Doors
Windows
Opening walls

118
Q

What is Vertical fire extension?

A

Fire moving up to the next floor through a open window.
-Also called Auto-Exposure

119
Q

Type 1 construction (Fire-Resistive)

A

-Built to be fire restrictive.
-All building components are non combustible
-Has spaces divided into compartments to help control fire.
-Usually multi story buildings

120
Q

Type 2 construction (non-combustible)

A

-Similar to Type 1 in that it is built with non-combustible material.
-Mostly large single story warehouses where vertical fire extension is not a threat.

121
Q

Type 3 construction (Ordinary)

A

Must have Masonry exterior.
-exterior walls have limited combustibility
-Interior walls are usually made of wood
-Easily vented since it has windows and wood decking on roof

122
Q

Type 4 construction ( Heavy Timber)

A

-Exterior is masonry and thick to support the building
-Interior is all wood
-Open floor plan and has no hidden spaces
*unless converted and renovated

123
Q

Type 5 construction (Wood Frame)

A

-Similar to Type 3 but does not need masonry exterior
-Older type 5 had balloon frame construction
-Modern type 5 have platform frame

124
Q

What is this?

A

Gusset plate

125
Q

What is a Parapet wall?

A

It is an extension of the wall above the roof line.

126
Q

Primary vent cut VS Secondary vent cut

A

Primary is in the roof to vent smoke and heat
Secondary is usually horizontal ventilation

127
Q

Hydrants C,B,A,AA GPM ratings @ 20PSI

A

C-less than 500gpm RED
B-500 to 999gpm ORANGE
A- 1000 to 1499 GREEN
AA-1500gpm + LIGHT BLUE

128
Q

What is a 4 way hydrant valve used for?

A

Used in cases where
Long supply lines are needed
-Flow pressure from the hydrant is not adequate
-A supply engine is placed at the fire hydrant to provide additional pressure in the supply line.
-Water flows initially from the hydrant through the valve to the supply line, which delivers the water to the attack engine.
-A second engine can hook up to the valve and redirect the flow by changing the valve position.-
-The supply engine boosts the flow of water to the attack engine without uncoupling any lines or interrupting the flow.

129
Q

What is a reverse hose lay?

A

-The hose is laid out from the fire to the hydrant, opposite to the flow of the water.
-Used where sufficient hydrants are available and additional companies will arrive quickly

130
Q

What is a Split hose lay?

A

Performed by two engine companies in situations where hose must be laid in two different directions to establish a water supply.

131
Q

Name these three hose loads.

A

Flat load
Horseshoe load
Accordion load

132
Q

What is the average diameter and length of an attack line?

A

The most commonly used attack lines are 1¾-in.Hose is generally from 150 to 250 ft (46-76m) in length.
Many engines are also equipped with a preconnected 2½-in.

133
Q

What load is this?

A

-Allows a single fire fighter to drop one fold of hose during advance to the fire
-Avoid maneuvering around obstacles and prevents sharp kinks
-Reduces the chances of a fire fighter taking too much hose

134
Q

What lay is this and is it a pre-connect?

A

This is a Pre-Connect Flat load

135
Q

What is this load?

A

This is a Triple Layer hose load
-Suited for fires in single-family dwellings
-Hose is folded back onto itself to reduce the overall length.
-One person can clear the hose bed and deploy.

136
Q

Where do you connect an attack line to a standpipe in a multistory building?

A

Standard operating procedures (SOPs) generally require attack lines to be connected to an outlet one floor below the fire.

137
Q

Characteristics of a straight stream.

A

Has greater reach than fog stream
Keeps water concentrated in a small area
Created by the narrowest setting on a fog nozzle
Consists of highly concentrated droplets

138
Q

Characteristics of a wider fog pattern.

A

-Divides water into droplets with large surface area
-Absorbs heat very efficiently
-Can lower heat levels very quickly
-Usually adjustable from straight stream to narrow fog to a wide fog

139
Q

Points to remember when using a fog nozzle.

A

-Air is moved along with the water.
-Fog streams move large amounts of air.
-Thermal balance may be disrupted, pushing hot fire gases onto fire fighters.
-Straight and solid streams move little air in comparison with a fog stream.
-Fewer concerns with displacement and disruption of thermal balance.

140
Q

When do you use a Indirect fire attack?

A

-Used when area is ready to flash over
-Can be accomplished from safer location (e.g., doorway or hallway) to reduce thermal exposure
-Water aimed at ceiling
-Uses straight or solid stream, flowing between 120 to 180 gpm, to cool everything quickly
-Does not generate significant amounts of steam

141
Q

What is a Rabbit tool used for?

A

Its a hydraulic spreading tool used to force open doors.

142
Q

OSHA regulations require that when fire fighters are inside a structure fire, at least ?? trained and equipped fire fighters must be standing outside.

A

2

143
Q

When referring to ladders, the term tie rod is used to describe a metal rod running from

A

One beam to another

144
Q

A fire fighter who is climbing a ladder and carrying a tool in one hand, should

A

Slide the free hand up the underside of the beam while making the climb.

145
Q

The common length of the straight ground ladder is usually between —–and—- feet

A

12-14

146
Q

In the fire service, the basic definition of the word “rescue” is:

A

removing a victim from a hazardous situation to safety

147
Q

What is the main characteristic of a primary search?

A

It is rapid and systematic

148
Q

When conducting a primary search within a structure, a fire fighter should begin:

A

On a wall

149
Q

Immobilizing a victim who is suspectedd of having a spinal injury on a long backboard requires___ rescuers? (number)

A

4

150
Q

When advancing a DRY hose line up a ladder, fire fighters should position themselves on the ladder:

A

with no more than one fire fighter per section

151
Q

This is used to seal small cuts or breaks that may occur in fire hose or to connect mismatched or damaged couplings of the same size t o stop leaking.

A

Hose jacket

152
Q

Why should a master stream device never be directed into a building where fire fighters are operating inside?

A

This puts a large amount of water in the building and can cause collapse.

153
Q

Which stage of fire releases the maximum amount of heat for the available fuel and produces large volumes of fire gases?
-ignition
-fully developed
-growth
-decay

A

Growth

154
Q

The term vapor density refers to the weight of a gas as compared to the weight of___.

A

Air

155
Q

Common type of construction in mill construction.

A

Heavy timber

156
Q

Ideally, when should fire investigators begin their work at a fire scene?

A

Before overhaul starts

157
Q

If large amounts of water need to e removed from areas lacking floor drains, fire fighters may ____ to remove water quickly.

A

remove toilets and use the sewer system as a drain

158
Q

Sprinkler heads rated for the Ultra Hight temperature classification are color coded____.

A

Orange

159
Q

On a dry-barrel hydrant, the valve that controlls water flow to all outlets i located ______ of the hydrant.
-at the top
-on the side
-at the base
-by each outlet

A

at the base

160
Q

A dry chemical extinguisher rated 60-B is capable of extinguishing a ____ flammable liquid pan fire.
-40 ftsq
-60 ftsq
-120 ftsq
150 ftsq

A

60 ftsq

161
Q

Extinguishing agents safe for use on fires in or near energized electrical equipment include.

A

carbon dioxide and dry chemical

162
Q

A green triangle containing a letter would indicate an extinguisher to be used on ____ fires.
Class?

A

Class A

163
Q

Extinguishers suitable for Class C fires can be identified by a ____ containing the letter C.

A

Blue Circle

164
Q

Extinguishers suitable for Class D fires can be identified by a ___ containing the letter D

A

Yellow Star

165
Q

Fires involving combustible metals are ____ fires? Class?

A

Class D

166
Q

Regular dry chemicals ( sodium bicarbonate-based and potassium-based) work on ____ fires.

A

Classes B and C

167
Q

The acronym for the four step process for the proper use of a fire extinguisher.

A

PASS

168
Q

What is the term for water-soluble flammable liquids such as alcohols, acetone and others?

A

Polar solvents

169
Q

Composite SCBA cylinders must be hydro-statically tested every ______ years

A

3 years

170
Q

Steel and aluminum cylinders must be hydrostatically tested every ___ years.

A

5 years

171
Q

When loading a fire hose, the _______ serves to change the direction of the hose and can also change the location of the coupling.

A

Dutchman

172
Q

Which is NOT a common load for preconnected attack lines.
-flat load
-triple layer load
-straight load
-minuteman load

A

straight load

173
Q

Life safety, incident stabilization and ______ are the three most important organizational duties for fire departments to pursue.

A

Property conservation

174
Q

In the ICS, the functional area responsible for providing facilities, services and materials necessary to support an incident is_____.

A

LOGISTICS

Regional Fire Exam (3 decks)

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