fever Flashcards
what are high risk features of patients with a fever?
compromise of airway, breathing, circulation, decreased level of consciousness
when should kawasaki disease be assessed in a child?
fever lasting 5 days or longer
what is kawasaki disease?
causes fever lasting 5 days or longer
bilateral conjunctival injection without exudate
change in mucuous membrane
change in extremities
polymorphous rash
cervical lymphadenopathy
how to look for sepsis in child?
mottled or ashen appearance
cyanosis of skin, lips, tongue
non blanching rash of skin
any breach of skin integrity (cuts, burns, skin infection)
whether child has passed urine in last 18 hours
when is the diagnosis of meningococcal septicaemia considered?
feverish drowsy
petechial rash
what rash is caused by rubella?
maculopapular rash
what rash is caused by measles?
blotchy, irregular, maculopapular rash
how does henoch schonlein purpura present?
petechial rash on back of legs
arthralgia
abdominal pain
signs of renal disease such as haematuria
when should you consider meningococcal disease?
fever and non-blanching rash
ill looking child
lesions larger than 2mm in diameter
capillary refill time of 3 seconds or longer
neck stiffness
when should you consider meningitis?
fever
neck stiffness
bulging fontanelle
decreased level of consciousness
convulsive status epilepticus
what is the difference between bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia?
bacterial meningitis: infection with neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
mengingitis caused by other bacteria such as streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus) and haemophilus influenzae type b
meningococcal disease may present clinically as septicaemia (25% of cases) as bacterial meningitis (15% ) or mixed (60%)
managed in different ways
what are the signs of dehydration?
prolonged capillary refill time
abnormal skin turgor
abnormal respiratory pattern
weak pulse
cool extremities
