feudalism Flashcards
Charlemagne
-the leader of the Franks from 768 to 814 C.E., who unified most of the Christian lands of Europe into a single empire
-Charlemagne built his empire with the help of a pope—Leo III,
-the pope crowned him Holy Roman emperor in 800 C.E.
vikings
- fierce warriors
- intent was to set up colonies, but they were best known for their terrifying raids on towns and religious centers.
-Long, shallow wooden boats have brought the Vikings close to shore
-run toward the town with swords and axes raised over their heads - people and belongings seized by the Viking raiders and taken back to the ships
-from scandovia
Feudal Society Hierarchy Triangle
1.monarchs:kings,queens(owned land, also gave land to fiefs,
2. lords,ladies,nobles(each lord promised to supply the king with knights in times of war, lords lived on manors)
3.knights( had chainmail armor or plate armor, had shields, had to train as page then became squire before becoming a knight)
4. peasants (Lords rented some of their land to the peasants who worked for them,could not leave the lord’s land without permission,had to farm his fields in exchange for a small plot of their own)
Edward the Confessor
-one of the last anglo saxon kings
-his death started a rivalry between three people that are fighting for the crown-ended at battle of hastings
-Harold godwinson-William Duke of Normandy-harald hadrata
normans
-from norway
-harald was king of norway
-invaded England in 1066 after King Edward the Confessor died without leaving an heir to the throne
-based on royal strength
-willam Duke of Normandy led Norman’s
anglo saxons
-Germanic tribe ruled England 11th century
-mid-11th century, it was ruled by a Germanic tribe called the Saxons
-he king at that time was descended from both Saxon and Norman (French) families;confusion on who is king
harold godwinson
-second most powerful man in England-advisor to Edward
-Harold and Edward were brother in laws
-claim when Edward died was “into Harold’s hands I commit my kingdom”
-with state ment he was crowned king where he had many troubles and problems
-fights w Vikings
-Norman’s crossing England and they fought;Norman warriors had strategy while Harold’s army did not
-they traded taunts and insults-battle started and Harold lost
william the conquer
-blood relationship w Edward
-when Harold took crown William was very mad
He planned to destroy him and England (battle of hasting)
-When William of Normandy conquered England, he brought feudal institutions from Europe with him
-
harald hadrata
-king of Norway
-ruled Norway with nephew Mangus
-had deal that if neither had male heir they would give crown to eachother
-mangus died;time went on harald no son
-harthcut died
-harald prepared to invade England
Scandinavia
-Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland
-vikings came from scandovia
hastings,england
- battle that took place there in 1066 between King Harold’s English and William the Conqueror’s Normans
normandy
-vikings
-important part in feudalism
-Duke of normandy
europe
-The Middle Ages began with the fall of the Roman Empire, which had unified much of Europe for about 500 years; After its collapse, life became dangerous and difficult in Western Europe
Charlemagne’s Characteristics
-large and strong
-tall
-head was round
-large eyes
-long nose
-neck was thick and short
Very fancy
His voice was clear and strong
Rode horses
Did sports
Health was good
Head fevers at end of his life
Liked to swim
Very fast
After Charlemagne’s Death
-After his death in 814, however, it quickly fell apart
-Charlemagne’s empire survived many attacks
-weak rulers who followed him could not defend the empire against new waves of invasions
-Charlemagne’s example of rewarding knights with land and privileges in return for military service.
-the empire fell bc its rulers were unable effectively to manage such a large empire
-died from infection lung diesese
Battle of Hastings
-William, the powerful Duke of Normandy believed he had the right to the English throne: However, the English crowned his cousin, Harold
-1066, William and his army invaded England
-William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings and established a line of Norman kings in England
-William the conqueror won and that’s how he got the name ‘William the conqueror”
-the English protected by shields and Norman’s gave in
-Christmas Day 1066 William crowned
Coronation of the King of England
-after battle of hasting(fight to see who the king was) Willam won
-willam was crowned that same day
-crowned on Christmas 1066
Crowned in Westminster abbey
Bayeaux Tapestry
-embroidered cloth nearly 70 metres long and 50 centimetres tall that depicts the events leading up to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066
-led by William, Duke of Normandy challenging Harold II, King of England, and culminating in the Battle of Hastings
-located in Normandy France:it tells an important story
-scenes-identify them
Feudalism
-the economic and political system of medieval Europe in which people exchanged loyalty and labor for a lord’s protection
-people had clearly defined roles and relationships with each other
-people pledged loyalty to a lord—a ruler or powerful landholder
-Europeans had developed the system of feudalism
-Feudalism provided people with protection and safety by establishing a stable social order
-4 classes in feudal system
Fief
-The king kept some land for himself and gave fiefs (FEEFS), or land grants, to his most important lords
-land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service
Chivalry
-the medieval knight’s code of ideal behavior, including bravery, loyalty, and respect for women
-Knights lived by a strong code of behavior
-comes from the French word cheval, meaning “horse
Serfs/Peasants/
Knights
Serf= a peasant who could not leave the lord’s land on which he or she was born and worked
-free and unfree peasents
Free= rented land to farm and owed only their rent to the lord
Unfree= farmed the lord’s fields and could not leave the lord’s manor
-had to do with the amount of service owed to lord
-worked a lot=tended livestock
-owed many taxes-needed money-in poverty’
-required to grind grain at mill
-lived in small house w max 2 rooms
-ate veggies (meat and pork)
-no beef/chicken
Nobles/Lords/
Ladies
-highest-ranking class in medieval society
-lived on manors/castles
-manor house was the center of the community
-Castles were also one of the most important forms of military technology
-built for defense
- Lords also acted as judges in manor courts and had the power to fine and punish those who broke the law
-Noblewomen who were not landowners were still extremely busy.
- Ladies were also responsible for overseeing their household or households
Monarchs
-king or queen
-a leader
-all the land in the kingdom belonged to the monarch
-best in the triangle
Page
- A boy started as a page, or servant
-age of seven, he left home and went to live at the castle of a lord: often relative - page learned how to ride a horse and received religious instruction from the local priest or friar
-ladies taught pages how to sing, dance, compose music, and play the harp
-page spent much of his time with the ladies of the castle: these skills valued when a knight
Squire
-After about seven years as a page, a young boy became a squire
-he spent most of his time with the knight who was his lord
-helped care for his horse and polished the knight’s armor, sword, shield, and lance
-squires trained to become warriors
-learned how to fight with a sword and a lance
-Squires practiced by fighting in make-believe battles, but they also went into real battles
Christianity
-Clovis also helped convert the Franks to Christianity
-The religion based on the life and teachings of jesus
-many of clovis’s follower coverted into christianity
-pope leo the third was leader of roman catholic church
-Church was a central part of society
Motte
- built on a hilltop
-what a castle or manor is built on
Stone Wall
-high walls
-strong walls
-most castles were built of stone to resist attacks by more powerful siege weapons
Armor
-the metal coverings formerly worn by soldiers or warriors to protect the body in battle.
-knights wore these as protection
squire learning to become knight-ceremony
-early 20s, if deserving of the honor, a squire became a knight
-religious event
-night before his knighting ceremony in prayer
-next morning, he bathed and put on a white tunic, or long shirt, to show his purity
- During the ceremony, he knelt before his lord and said his vows
-during being knighted the lord tapped on each sholder w sword: that knighted him
-sometimes if they did good in battle they were knighted on spot
Pope Leo the third
-Charlemagne built his empire with help of a pope—Leo III, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church
-Church also valued support from the empire, and Leo needed the backing of someone with an arm
-pope Leo crowned him Holy Roman Empire
Invasion of england
Harald invaded England and took over northern coast;Harold lead army to pick up reinforcements
-battle between harald and Harold
-slaughtering and killing eachother
-harald and Vikings fell
-Vikings fled to ships-only 24 out of 240 ships made it back
-Harold pleased w victory
how did fuedilism born?
teach tci
how did fuedilism born?
teach tci
