Fetal pig oral test prep Flashcards
Gall bladder
It’s a sack-like organ located under the liver which stores bile. When needed, the bile is secreted into the small intestine through the bile duct.
Diaphragm
It’s a large skeletal muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves down and during expiration, the diaphragm relaxes and moves up.
Stomach
The stomach is an elastic bag that is J-shaped when full and lies in folds when empty. The stomach continues mechanical digestion by 3 layers of muscle that churn the food. It also continues chemical digestion with the secretion of gastric fluids containing hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes. When the stomach growls, those are from the contraction of smooth muscles that form the stomach’s walls.
Small Intestine
The main job of the small intestine is absorption of nutrients , which occurs when the products of digestion diffuse from the small intestine through capillaries into the blood and lymph vessels. The surface area of the small intestine is large due to the presence of villi, folds within the lining of the small intestine.
Large intestine
After absorption is complete, peristalsis will move the remaining contents into the large intestine. The large intestine is the final organ of digestion, and is composed of four major parts. As water is absorbed from the material in the colon, it solidifies into feces. The feces leave the body through the rectum and the anal canal.
Liver
The liver is a large organ located on the right of the stomach. It’s main functions are producing bile which breaks down fats, storing extra glucose in the form of glycogen, and breaking down toxic substances such as alcohol. Repeated alcohol abuse can cause cirrhosis.
Heart
The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the body. It’s suspended in a fluid filled sac called the pericardium. It has four chambers divided vertically by a muscular septum. The right and left atria are the upper chambers which receive blood from the body or lungs. The right and left ventricles are the lower chambers which pump blood out to the body or lungs. Valves keep blood flowing in the correct direction.
Spleen
The spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system. It stores extra blood, recycles old red blood cells, and destroys bacteria. It also collects pathogens from the blood, so its lymphocytes can attack them.
Kidneys
The kidneys are the primary excretory organs. They play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis of body fluids and are responsible for regulating the chemical composition ahd pH of blood. Humans have two kidneys, each the size of a fist. Blood travels through the kidneys where wastes are filtered out and urine is formed. Urine removes urea, toxins, slts and water from the blood. It leaves the kidneys through tubes called ureters.
Pancreas
The pancreas is an organ that lies behind the stomach, against the back wall of the abdominal cavity. It is a gland that acts produces hormones like insulin that regulates blood sugar levels. It also produces a neutralizer to raise the pH of the chyme as it enters the small intestine, so the small intestine will not be damaged.
Lungs
The lungs are the central organs of the respiratory system. Each lung is divided into loves. The right lung has three loves and the left has two. The exterior surface is covered with pleura which secretes a slippery fluid that decreases friction during movement while breathing. Alveoli, where gass exchange occurs, are located in the lungs.
Ovaries
The ovaries (two almond shapes) are part of the female reproductive system and produce gametes. Eggs matures near the surface of the ovaries.
Testes
The testes are part of the male reproductive system. They contain two egg-shaped testes that produce gametes. Each one has about 250 compartments and contain seminiferous tubules where sperm form.
