fetal pig Flashcards
Pancreas
Secretes glucagon and insulin (hormones that regulate blood sugar levels).
Secretes various enzymes in pancreatic juice that digest protein, carbohydrates and lipids
Small Intestine
Digestion of chyme via pancreatic enzymes.
Absorption of nutrients i.e., amino acids, glucose and fatty acids.
Kidney cortex
More superficial region of the kidney that includes the glomeruli of the nephrons (where blood is filtered into a fluid that is processed into urine).
Kidney medulla
Deeper region of the kidney containing the loop of Henle region of the nephrons - this is where urea, other wastes and some water are removed from the filtrate and passed into collecting ducts as urine.
Ureter
Tube formed by merging of all kidney collecting ducts. Carries urine to the urinary bladder.
Urinary bladder
Storage organ for urine prior to excretion.
Contraction of its muscles forces urine into the urethra.
Urethra
Tube leading from bladder to external orifice. Carries urine from bladder to site of excretion. In males, it carries sperm for ejaculation.
Ovary
Female - site of egg production and maturation. Also releases sex hormones (e.g. estrogen, progesterone).
Uterus
Female - the womb where fetal development occurs.
Large Intestine
Formation of solid feces. Absorption of water.
Spleen
An organ located inferior to the diaphragm and dorsal to the stomach. Produces red and white blood cells, primarily during fetal life. In the
adult, it serves as a reservoir for blood cells. Old and damaged red blood cells accumulate here and are destroyed.
Pyloric Sphincter
A ring of muscle that regulates the movement of chyme from stomach into small intestine.
Stomach
Mechanical digestion via peristaltic waves and contractions. Chemical digestion via the enzymes pepsin and hydrochloric acid converting food to chyme (semiliquid substance).
Gall bladder
Stores bile made in liver. Releases bile into small intestine where digestion of fats occur.
Liver
Host of metabolic functions including: production of bile that aids in digestion of fats. Helps maintain normal blood glucose levels. Synthesizes lipoproteins, phospholipids and cholesterol. Metabolizes protein, and produces urea
Peritoneum
D
Lines the abdominal cavity. Holds organs in place and its slippery surface reduces friction between the organs and the abdominal wall.
Diaphragm
Contraction increases size of thoracic cavity, causing inspiration (inhaling). Relaxation leads to expiration (exhaling).
Lungs
Gas exchange between air and blood via capillary-encased alveoli (single-cell layered air sacs).
O2 inhaled and goes into alveoli and diffuses into capillaries. CO2 diffuses from capillaries to alveoli, and is then exhaled out of body.
Esophagus
Moves food by way of peristaltic waves from the throat (pharynx) to the stomach.
Trachea
Airway. Filters and moistens air, Removes mucous
larynx
Airway. Switching point for food and air. Voice production via vocal cords.
Thyroid gland
Secretes hormones involved in metabolism (breakdown of carbohydrates to obtain energy, synthesizing proteins and breaking down and mobilizing lipids). Secretes calcitonin (hormone) when blood is high in calcium which stimulates formation of bone tissue. Removes iodine from the blood
Thymus gland
Secretes Thymosin and Thymopoietin (hormones involved in production of white blood cells called T-lymphocytes). Activates T-lymphocytes, important in immune responses
Epididymis
Male - region where sperm mature and are stored.
