Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Maternal/Child > Fetal development/Pregnancy > Flashcards

Fetal development/Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Preembryonic stage

A

0-2 weeks after fertilization

3-4 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Embryonic stage

A 
3-8 weeks after fertilization
5-10 weeks gestation
MOST CRITICAL TIME 
rapid cell division
major organs developing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fetal stage

A

9-38 weeks after fertilization

11-40 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

morula

A

16 cell ball of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ectoderm

A

forms the central nervous system, special senses, skin and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mesoderm

A

forms the skeletal, urinary, circulatory, and reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endoderm

A

forms the respiratory system, liver, pancreas, and digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hCG

A

preserves the corpus luteum and its progesterone production so that the endometrial lining of the uterus is maintained; this is the basis for pregnancy tests.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Human placental lactogen (hPL)

A

fetal and maternal metabolism, participates in the development of maternal breasts for lactation, and decreases maternal insulin sensitivity to increase its availability for fetal nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Estrogen (estriol)

A

causes enlargement of a woman’s breast, uterus, and external genitalia; stimulates myometrial contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Progesterone (progestin)

A

maintains the endometrium, decreases the contractility of the uterus, stimulates maternal metabolism and breast development, provides nourishment for the early conceptus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

relaxin

A

acts with progesterone to maintain pregnancy, causes relaxation of the pelvic ligaments, softens the cervix in preparation for birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

teratogens

A

substances that cause birth defects, such as alcohol and drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ductus venosus

A

shunts fetal blood from umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ductus arteriousus

A

shunts fetal blood from pulmonary artery to the aorta (bypassing the lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

foramen ovale

A

anatomic opening between the right and left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

autosomal dominant inherited disorders

A

one abnormal dominant gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

autosomal recessive inherited disorders

A

two abnormal genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

x-linked interited disorders

A

altered gene on the x chromosome

common in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where does fertilization take place?

A

fallopian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Subjective (presumptive) signs

A

signs that the mother can perceive such as skipping a period, nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, and urinary frequency.
LEAST reliable indicators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Objective (Probable) signs

A

those that can be detected on physical examination by a health care provider. Softening of the cervix, softening of the lower uterine segment, bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Goodell’s sign

A

softening of the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Chadwick's sign
bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
26
ballottement
the examiner pushes against the woman's cervix during a pelvic examination and feels a rebound from the floating fetus
27
Braxton Hicks contractions
spontaneous, irregular, and painless contractions that occur without dilation Go away with movement
28
physiologic anemia of pregnancy
changes in red blood cell volume are due to increased circulating erythropoietin and accelerated red blood cell production.
29
linea nigra
pigmented line in the middle of the abdomen from umbilicus to pubic area
30
pica
the intense craving for and eating of non-food items.
31
gravida
the total number of times a woman has been pregnant
32
gravid
state of being pregnant
33
nulligravida
a woman who has never experienced pregnancy
34
primigravida
a woman pregnant for the first time
35
multigravida
a woman pregnant for at least the 3rd time
36
para
the number of times a woman has given birth to a fetus of at least 20 gestational weeks
37
striae gravidarum
stretch marks
38
fundal height
distance (in centimeters) measured with a tape measure from the top of the pubic bone to the top of the uterus (fundus)
39
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
a test made in early pregnancy to detect congenital abnormalities in the fetus.
40
serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
high level suggest neural tube defect | low level suggests down's syndrome
41
nuchal translucency screening
AKA ultrasound | 1st done between 11-14 weeks
42
amniocentesis
transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid for analysis *must have enough fluid to perform
43
nonstress test
most common method of prenatal testing noninvasive test that places an external electronic fetal monitoring device applied to abdomen. DOES NOT cause contractions eat before
44
leukorrhea
increased vaginal discharge during pregnancy
45
natural childbirth
a birth without pain-relieving medications
46
the Bradley Method
various exercises and slow, controlled abdominal breathing to accomplish relaxation.
47
what does baby's stability depend on?
Mom's BP
48
oxytocin stimulates________
uterine contractions and milk let down
49
____ DOES NOT cross the placenta but ______ DOES
Insulin, Glucose
50
Ideal FHR
110-160
51
if mothers temp is ____ or higher the Dr. needs to be notified
100.4
52
most favorable position for fetus to be in to deliver
LOA (left occiput anterior)
53
What influences the formation of the mucus plug?
progesterone
54
homozygous genes
identical
55
heterozygous genes
different
56
monozygotic twins
identical develop from single egg one placenta, 2 amnions, 1 chorion
57
dizygotic twins
fraternal develops from two eggs 2 placentas
58
zygote
fertilized egg
59
blastocyst
implanted fertilized egg
60
cephalocaudal development
head to toe
61
when does the heart begin to beat?
beginning of the 4th week | can pick up at 8-12 weeks
62
when does the nervous system start developing?
beginning of 4th week
63
umbilical cord is comprised of__
2 arteries-wastes away | 1 vein- o2 to
64
3 main functions of the placenta
transfer and exchange protective barrier endocrine gland to produce hormones
65
two layers of the placenta
amnion | chorion
66
amnion
inner layer of fluid filled sac where fetus grows
67
chorion
outer layer, contain chorionic villi
68
chorionic villi
feto-placental circulation system
69
functions of amniotic fluid
physical protection freedom of movement source of fluids-drink and urinate in temperature
70
what can cause too much amniotic fluid?
diabetes | chromosomal defects of the fetus
71
what can cause too little amniotic fluid?
renal insufficiency | placental insufficiency
72
quickening
butterfly like feeling
73
vernix caseosa
waxy, protects skin
74
lanugo
hair
75
what does brown fat produce for the fetus?
heat
76
when does fetal circulation begin?
at birth
77
when does the foramen ovale close
with the first breath
78
what do the ductus arteriousus and ductus venous become after birth?
ligaments
79
triple test
screen for downs (Trisomy 21) and Trisomy 18
80
what 3 lab tests as markers for the triple test
AFP hCG estrogen
81
kick counts
``` primary method of fetal surveillance # movements within a specific time ```
82
stress testing
fast 6-8 hrs before empty bladder baseline FHR then induced contractions 3/40 mins want to find no late decels
83
CV changes in pregnancy
increased blood volume, CO, HR | anemia
84
respiratory changes in pregnancy
``` increased vascularity increased respirations tidal volume increases diaphragmatic breathing nasal congestion d/t estrogen ```
85
urinary changes in pregnancy
kidneys enlarge renal pelvis dilates increase renal perfusion and GFR
86
GI changes in pregnancy
``` hypertrophy of gums morning sickness GI tract relaxation constipation gallbladder symptoms ```
87
musculoskeletal changes in pregnancy
waddle pelvic enlargement pain w/ walking, sitting increased risk for falls
88
Supine hypotension sydrome
vena cava compression orthostatic symptoms lie on left side

Maternal/Child (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions