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Motor Development > Fetal Development > Flashcards

Fetal Development Flashcards

1
Q

Gestational age (GA)

A

Time from conception

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2
Q

Full term

A

37 -42 weeks ga

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3
Q

What number do we use to calculate age from (full term)

A

40 weeks

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4
Q

Chronological age

A

Days, weeks or months since birth

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5
Q

2 methods to calculate gestational age

A

Last menstrual period l time from 1st day of last menstruation)

Post conceptual age (time from the moment of conception)

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6
Q

Premature

A

Birth that takes place <37 WIs ga

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7
Q

Corrected (adjusted) age

A

Subtract h of weeks premature from chronological age

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8
Q

Differentiation

A

Cells become specialized for specific tissues

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9
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Inc. In # of cells

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10
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Inc. In relative size of an individual cell

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11
Q

Congenital defect

A

Anomalies present@ birth regardless of whether it is due to a genetic or environmental cause

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12
Q

Timeline of germinal stage

A

Conception to 2 weeks ga

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13
Q

3 stages of fetal development

A
  1. Germinal
  2. Embryonic
  3. Fetal
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14
Q

Which stage is a Period of zygote division

A

Germinal

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15
Q

Which stage does

Implantation into the uterus occur?

A

Germinal

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16
Q

Which stage has a zygote

A

Germinal

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17
Q

What does implantation into the uterus establish

A

Blood supply between mother a fetus

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18
Q

Why aren’t zygotes susceptible to teratogens prior to implantation (germinal)

A

. Because they do not have direct blood supply, exposures to mother will not effect zygote until have the blood supply

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19
Q

Zygote

A

Unicellular organism with 46 chromosomes

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20
Q

Teratogens

A

Terrible monster

Drug, environment, or maternal condition that can interfere with the development of the fetus and typically result in a birth defect

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21
Q

Examples of teratogens

A

Medications

Maternal infections
Maternal disorders
Chemicals

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22
Q

Timeline of embryonic development

A

3-8 weeks ga

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23
Q

What direction does development occurin embryonic development

A

Cephalo caudal direction

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24
Q

What 2 types of cell development occur in fetal development

A

Hyperplasia and differentiation

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25
Q

When are all tissues formed

A

Embryonic development

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26
Q

Which stage is exposure to teratogens most dangerous

A

Embryonic

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27
Q

Embryonic wk 3: organization of embryonic disc into what 3 layers

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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28
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive Traci

29
Q

Mesoderm

A

Muscles, skeleton, circulation

30
Q

Ectoderm

A

Skin & nervous system

31
Q

Embryonic week 4: what 4 events occur?

A
  1. Embryonic folding & forming
  2. Limb buds formed
  3. Heart beat present
  4. Closure of neural tube
32
Q

Embryonic week 5: what 3 events occur?

A
  1. Placental circulation is functional through umbilical cord
  2. Brain division & formation of cerebral hemispheres
  3. CN begin to emerge
33
Q

Which week of embryonic development can Zika effect

A

Week 5, can cause microcephaly L failure to fuse & grow cortex)

34
Q

Embryonic week 6: what 6 events occur?

A
  1. Primitive eyes with eyelids appear
  2. Developing heart & lungs descend into thorax
  3. Cardiovascular system functioning well
  4. Footplates begin to emerge
  5. Mouth & palate formed
  6. Vertebrae begin to form
35
Q

Embryonic week 7: what 5 events occur?

A
  1. Formation of all 4 chambers of heart
  2. cartilage
  3. Ossification begins in upper body
  4. Muscles & nerves “connect” and cause reflexive movement
    S. Fingers & Toes form
36
Q

Embryonic week 8: 2 events that occur

A
  1. Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, fingers & toes formed

2. Embryo looks like a human

37
Q

After which week of the embryonic stage is the zygote now a fetus

A

Week 8

38
Q

Timeline of fetal development

A

9 weeks ga to birth

39
Q

Are teratogens more or less likely to cause birth defects in the fetal stage

A

Less likely

40
Q

2 developmental features o fetal development

A

Rapid proliferation & hyperplasia

41
Q

Which stage does the developing become more proportional in its appearance

A

Fetal stage

42
Q

What happens to bones and organs during the fetal stage

A
  • organ & tissue differentiation continue

- bones continue to ossify & remodel to form skeleton (but when child is born,it is still mostly cartilage)

43
Q

Fetal stage week 9-12: 6 events

A
  1. Primary ossification centers appearin skull & long bones
  2. Cartilaginous skeleton formed
  3. Hands and feet are well developed
  4. Swallowing emerges
  5. External genitalia visible by 12 weeks
  6. Fetal-placental circulation improves due to vascularizarion
44
Q

Fetal stage week 13-16: 5 events

A
  1. Body more proportional
  2. Moves eyes
  3. Hand to mouth (sucking thumb)
  4. Developmental reflexes strengthen
  5. Mother may not yet be able to feel movement
45
Q

Fetal weeks 17-20: 4 events

A
  1. Mother can feel fetal movement toward the end of this stage
  2. Skin covered in lanugo (layer of fine hair)
  3. Adipose tissue
  4. Lung maturation continues
46
Q

When can we dx congenital heart defects

A

Fetal stage week 17-20

47
Q

Fetal week 21-25: 3 events

A
  1. Accelerated weight gain
  2. Ongoing lung development, begin to produce surfactant
  3. Eyes fully developed, REM
48
Q

Can an infant born before 21 weeks survive

A

It is rare

49
Q

Fetus is viable at ——- weeks if born prematurely

A

23

50
Q

Fetal week 26-29: 5 events

A
  1. Accelerated maturation of respiratory system and CNS
  2. Fetal viability improved (neural regulation of respiration)
  3. All external characteristics of full-term by week 29
  4. all neonatal reflexes present
  5. Able to cry audibly
51
Q

Fetal weeks 30-34: 2 events

A
  1. Weight gain continues

2. Thermal regulation established by 32 weeks

52
Q

Fetal weeks 35-38: 3 events

A
  1. Gain roughly 2lbs
  2. Fat accumulation for insulation
  3. Fetal movements decrease
53
Q

Characteristics of birth (6)

A
  1. Head down (vertex), face down
  2. Head < pelvic outlet
  3. Trauma
  4. Breathe on own within a few seconds
  5. Shift from fetal circulation to adult circulation
  6. Ready to participate in life
54
Q

What is the Apgar score indicative of

A

How child is doing after birth

55
Q

She. Do we measure apgar score

A

1 minute and 5 minutes after birth

56
Q

What does apgar stand for

A 
Appearance 
pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
57
Q

Apgar: scoring for I minute after birth

A

7-10: routine care
4-6: some assistance for breathing may be required
<4: lifesaving measures

58
Q

Apgar score: 5 minutes after birth

A

7-10: normal

<7: ongoing monitoring every 5 minutes, up to 20

59
Q

What is normal birth

A

5 lbs, 8 oz (2500g) - 8 lbs , 14 oz (4000g)

60
Q

Small for gestational age (SGA)

A

<5 lbs, 8 oz (2500g)

61
Q

Very low birth weight (VLBW)

A

1000 - <2500g

62
Q

Low birth weight (LBW)

A

1500g - <2500g

63
Q

Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW)

A

<1000g

64
Q

SGA can be indicative of

A

Having future health like CP and is associated with premature babies

65
Q

Child’s head after vaginal birth the child’s head…

A

Will be abnormal, cone head - should resolve within the 1st couples of days

66
Q

Plagiocephaly

A

Breeched position; flattened on one side in the back and then sticks out in the front (torticollis)

67
Q

Brachycephaly

A

Flat on the back of the head, usually forms after birth (I.e. supine a lot)

68
Q

Scaphocephaly

A

Flattened on one side of the head (common with premature babies due to intubation)

69
Q

What months do skull plates fuse

A

18-24 months

Motor Development (1 decks)

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