Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 3 FS Exam 3 > Fetal Development > Flashcards

Fetal Development Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-Embyronic

A

the first 2 weeks of life

from fertilization to 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Embryo

A

2-8 weeks gestational age

heart development occurs now

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fetus

A

8 weeks to birth

now begins to look like a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neonate

A

from birth to 2 months of age

newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infant

A

3 weeks to 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Menstrual age

A

age of fetus counted from date of mother’s last period

full term is 40 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gestational age

A 
age counted from time of fertilization (mid-cycle)
full term is 38 weeks
2 weeks later than menstrual age
more commonly used age for child/fetus
starts at mom's mid-cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Full term

A

range from 38-42 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chronological age

A

begins at time of birth
different expectations for motor development if born early
subtract number of weeks born early
vs adjusted age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if a baby is premature, they were born ___ weeks early or sooner?

A

36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What occurs during the first month of fertilization?

A

moves down fallopian tubes: mitosis, trophoblast, blastocyst
day 4: arrives in uterus
day 14: implants. Embryo stage weeks 2-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What occurs during week 2.5 of development? (2 things)

A

Neural plate begins to form (beginning of the CNS)
- anterior neuropore = brain
- posterior = end of SC
Primitive placenta has now formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurs during week 2.5 during days 20-24?

A

the heart begins to form.

- blood vessels come together to form the heart tube. Folding forms the chambers of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Week 3

A

cell layer stuff

ectoderm, mesoderm etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Week 3.5 (neural groove)

A

closes except for the neuropores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Week 4 (length, head, brain, sc)

A

length = 1/5th of an inch
head region is differentiated and is 1/3rd of length
brain and SC are developing
early stage (rudimentary) eyes, ears, and nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

week 4 (body, arms, etc)

A 
body with head, trunk, tail
heart
branchial (gill) arches -- will form neck and facial anatomy
arm buds
initial brain development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Week 5 (length, cord, etc)

A 
1/2 inch long
head is more erect
fingers are visible
placenta is developming
umbilical cord
heart differentiating with atria and ventricles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Week 5-6 what occurs with brain?

A

cerebral hemispheres develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

week 6 hands, heart, liver

A

hands develop fingers
heart and liver separated by diaphragm
liver now produces blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

week 6: how many arteries?

A

two vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

week 6: vertebrae present?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

week 6:

A

deciduous teeth form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are somites and when do they form?

A

week 6
develop on either sides of vertebral column
somite = nerve root
nerve, artery, vein and muscle tissue form from the somite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

length of fetus at week 8

A

1-1.6 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

weight of fetus at week 8

A

2/3 of an ounce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

when are all adult body parts and organs functional and present?

A

week 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

week 8

A

startle reflex now noted! fetus now responds to stimuli, meaning the CNS is working
eyelids form, ears take shape, pigment in eyes, cartilage for skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

when does the first response via kicking in the legs occur?

A

week 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is special about week 9

A

more movement starts to occur
muscle movement in mouth and jaw
muscles in UE and LE respond to tactile stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

when is heart growth complete?

A

week 11-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

when do early stages of ossification occur?

A

week 11-12

33
Q

week 11-12

A

heart is now functioning
primitive reflexes occur - grasp
shaft of limb bones are ossified

34
Q

what is the VIP thing that occurs at week 12-13?

A

isolated movement of the hand to mouth and above the head – turning of head

35
Q

week 12-13 (end of 1st trimester)

A 
all major systems are developed
umbilical cord and amniotic sac are established for nourishment
determine sex btwn 12-20 weeks
isolated mvmt
production of urine
36
Q

week 13-14 (month 4)

A

mother begins to feel movement (for sure by 16 weeks)
isolated elbow flex/ext, finger flex/ext, LE reciprocal movement
bone development continues

37
Q

mass pattern movement

A

entire extremity moves within all of a certain movement

all flexion

38
Q

isolated movement

A

requires coordination and motor control

  • maintain shoulder flexion, isolate wrist extension
  • isolate movement to one joint while stabilizing other joints – motor control!!!
39
Q

at 6 weeks, which is more developed, the hand or the foot?

A

hand

40
Q

at 11 weeks, describe hand development

A

nail beds are developed and hand has AROM

41
Q

when is hand/foot development complete?

A

5 months

42
Q

Week 16

A 
length = 16"
weight = 4 ounces
finger prints appear 
weak thumb suck (prepares muscles for breastfeeding)
ears stand out from head
43
Q

Month 5

A 
first sigh
touches feet, isolated finger movement 
turns and moves
swallows amniotic fluid, hiccups
sleep/wake cycle
stronger suck
heart beat regular
eyebrows
vestibulocochlear system is myelinated 
human-like behaviors
44
Q

what is the importance of the sleep/wake cycle?

A

gives brain time to interpret information and to rest
VIP to have this
month 5

45
Q

What is the importance of the vestibulocochlear system?

A

balance without visual input
VIP as an infant to learn to move against gravity
if you don’t know how to hold your body upright against gravity, you won’t be able to crawl, walk, sit, etc
blind babies rely completely on this system

46
Q

When is the end of the second trimester?

A

week 25

47
Q

when does the initial myelination of the CNS and PNS occur?

A

week 22

48
Q

week 22-25 (month 6)

A

length 10-12”
weight = 2 lbs
hair grows thicker
hears in utero and can diagnose fetal distress if HR does not increase in response to noises

49
Q

What is important about the end of the second trimester? (week 25)

A

baby is now viable to live outside the room with medical science due to artificial respiration and surfactants

50
Q

Appearance of premature infants

A 
global hypotonia (weakness)
extremitiies in extension, abduction vs midline flexion
minimal random movements
51
Q

describe physioloigical flexion and global hypotonia

A

physiological flexion: babies born in flexion b/c of growing in womb. this creates passive tone in muscles. Babies born prematurely have hypotonia b/c they didn’t grow big/long enough to get “squeezed” in womb and develop muscle tone

52
Q

describe why premature infants are medically unstable

A

issues with temp regulation b/c they relied on mom for this
issues with respiration because lungs are not compliant
complications = BPD, hyaline membrane disease, IVH (intra-ventricular hemorrhage)
lungs not produces surfactants

53
Q

germinal matrix - describe

A

walls of circulatory system are weak - germinal matrix in brain - can’t maintain homeostasis
difficulty regulating BP can rupture germinal matrix and cause IVH

54
Q

weeks 24-28 in premature infant

A

week 24 = lungs matured so viability is possible
fed via NG tube
low muscle tone!! tremuolous, random mvmts, excessive ROM
difficulty regulating BP
requires a lot of sleep, but has some alert time

55
Q

in utero weeks 25-28

A

lungs devleoping
gaining fat for temp control
muscle tone and sensory systems continue to develop
vital pathways for survival are myelinated, sleep a lot

56
Q

when are the lungs matured so that viability is possible?

A

week 24

57
Q

Weeks 26-30

A

dislikes bright lights
length = 16”
wt = 2.5 lbs

58
Q

weeks 26-30 in premature infant

A

primitive reflexes seen: rooting, suck, swallow, crossed extension, flexor withdrawal, plantar grasp
suck/swallow present but safe nippling won’t occur until weeks 33-35 when coordinated and gag reflex are stronger

59
Q

week 32 in premature infant

A 
more pronouced state differentiation
mvmt dominated by trunk
decrease in clonic mvmt
attempt hand to mouth and erect head
decrase in hip hypotonia
60
Q

weeks 32-36 in utero

A

strong growth phase
fetal mvmts begin to slow
turns head to diffuse light
reflexes: galant, neonatal NOB, BOB, positive support, stepping

61
Q

week 36 in premature infant

A

vigorous sustained cry
increase in co-contraction of muscles
UE and trunk more hypotonic than LE (frog position)

62
Q

big thing in 32 weeks in premature infant

A

muscle tone is less hypotonic

63
Q

week 38-40 in premature infant

A

dependent upon others to achieve state cycles
improved state differentiation
more organized spontaneous mvmt than when born
tone is normalizing!!! but still less than normal infant
startle tremors, brisk reflexes

64
Q

2 big things in week 38-40 in premature infant

A

reflexes now present

tone is normalizing

65
Q

week 38-40 full term infant

A

organize sleep/awake state cycles
brain = 25% of adult wt and size
PNS not myelinated
Reflexes: DTR, superficial skin reflexes

66
Q

Factors that effect prenatal development

A

teratogens: causes for/of different aspects of abnormal development – chemical, environmental
20% of deaths in N. America caused by birth defects
genetic
environmental

67
Q

Genetic causes

A 
huntington
sickle cell anemia
muscular dystrophy
spina bifida
chromosomal disorders
others
68
Q

Environmental causes

A

drugs

- alcohol, hormone imbalances, cocaine, methotrexate dilantin, tetracycline, thalidomide, warfarin, nicotine

69
Q

chemicals

A

organic mercury
lead
PCBs (in plastics)

70
Q

Infections

A

rubella, herpes, varicella, HIV, toxoplasmosis, listeria, congenital syphilis
cytomegalovirus: don’t treat Pt’s who have this if you are pregnant or want to get pregnant – causes severe cognitive/motor impairments in infants

71
Q

Maternal Factors

A

maternal health, age, socioeconomic status, Rh blood compatibility, uncontrolled diabetes, PKU

72
Q

Non-teratogenic agents (these are ok!)

A

non-ionizing radiation (microwave oven and UV light)

prenatal vitamins

73
Q

critical times!!

A 
CNS = 3-5
heart = 3-6
UE and LE = 4-8
eyes = 4-8
ears = 4-12
teeth and palate = 6-12
74
Q

CNS development

A

weeks 3-5

75
Q

heart development

A

3-6

76
Q

UE and LE

A

4-8

77
Q

eyes

A

4-8

78
Q

ears

A

4-12

79
Q

teeth and palate

A

6-12

Semester 3 FS Exam 3 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions