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Obstetrics > Fetal Development > Flashcards

Fetal Development Flashcards

1
Q

Babies with Fetal Growth Restriction are more likely to suffer

A
  1. Intrauterine Hypoxia/Asphyxia
  2. Stillborn
  3. Hypoxic Encephalopathy
  4. Neonatal multi-organ failure
  5. Hypothermia
  6. Hypoglycemia
  7. Infection
  8. Cerebral Palsy
  9. Enterocolitis
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2
Q

Low birthweight infants are more likely to develop

A

Hypertension
CVS diseases
Diabetes

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3
Q

Fetal Determinants of Fetal Birthweight

A

Genetic: chromosomal defects (c.13 Pateaus sign) (c.18 Edwards Syndrome) Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)

Example sentence: Trisomy 21 is also known as Down Syndrome.

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4
Q

Placental Determinants of fetal birthweight

A

Placental infarction (due to chronic hypertension)
Premature Separation

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5
Q

Maternal Determinants of Fetal Birthweight

A

Physiological: (age, weight, parity, ethnicity)
Behavioural (smoke, alcohol, drugs)
Pathological (Chronic hypertension, Cardiac diseases, Cystic fibrosis)

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6
Q

Carries oxygenated blood from placenta

A

Umbilical Vein

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7
Q

Connection between Umbilical Vein and Inferior Vena Cava

A

Ductus Venosus

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8
Q

Passage through which blood passes from right atrium to left atrium

A

Foramen Ovale

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9
Q

How blood flows through foramen ovale

A

Blood passes from IVC into RA , into RV then to pulmunary artery to lungs.
Alveoli in lungs are filled with fluid and put pressure on arterioles causing vasoconstriction.
Vasoconstriction= Increased Resistance in lungs which leads to increased pressure in pulmonary artery => increased pressure in RV => Increased Pressure in RA => forces blood through foramen ovale

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10
Q

Passage between Pulmonary artery and Aorta

A

Ductus Arteriosus

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11
Q

How blood flows from fetal heart to placenta

A

Blood from LA => LV => Aorta => Iliac Arteries => Umbilical Artery => Placenta

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12
Q

Lungs appear @

A

3-4 wks

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13
Q

Epitheleal tubes and vascular formation in lungs appear @

A

4-7 wks

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14
Q

Airway tree + vascularity well developed in lungs @

A

20wks

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15
Q

Surfactant production begins

A

30 wks

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16
Q

Alveolar formation, surfactant formation, dilation of areas related to gas exchange

A

30 wks - term

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17
Q

Closure of foramen ovale due to

A

Increase pressure in left atrium

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18
Q

Function of surfactant in lungs

A

Prevents collapse of lungs

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19
Q

Components of Lung Surfactant

A

80% Lecithin
20% Protein

20
Q

Premature Delivery before proper maturation of surfactant

A

respiratory Distress syndrome

21
Q

Symptoms of Resp Distress Syndrome

A

Tachypnea
Cyanosis

22
Q

Complications of Resp Distress Syndrome

A

Hypoxia
Asphyxia
Enterocolitis
Intraventricular Haemorage

23
Q

Causes of Resp. Failure @ Birth

A

Resp. Distress Syndrome
Oligohydraminos
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Decreased Intrathoracic Space
Chest Wall Deformities

24
Q

Primitive Gut is formed @

A

4 wks

25
Q

Increase in Liver size, elongation of intestines, midgut herniates into umbilical cord @

A

5-6 wks

26
Q

Midgut reenters abdominal cavity

A

12 wks

27
Q

Failure of midgut to reenter abdominal cavity

A

omphalocele

28
Q

Obstruction preventing fetus from swallowing amniotic fluid leads to

A

Polyhydraminos

29
Q

Malrotation of gut leads to

A

Atresia or fistulas

30
Q

Peristalsis begins @

A

2nd Trimester

31
Q

Meconium released in utero may lead to

A

post term pregnancy
fetal hypoxia

32
Q

Aspiration of Meconium may cause

A

Resp. Distress Syndrome
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

33
Q

Lymphocytes appear from

A

8wks

34
Q

All phagocytic cells appear at

A

2nd Trimester

35
Q

Why do some preterm infants get hyperbilirubinemia

A

Liver is deficient in conjucating enzymes. In utero, placenta deals with unconjucated bilirubin. Preterm baby= no placenta and liver deficient in conjucating enzymes => hyperbilirubinemia

36
Q

Growth Restricted Fetus and Premature babies are prone to neonatal hypoglycemia because

A

Less glycogen stores

37
Q

Amnion meets inner surface of chorion, adhere but dont fuse

A

12 wks

38
Q

Function of Amniotic Fluid

A

Protects Fetus
Allows movement of fetus
Prevents adhesion of fetus to amnion
Permits fetal lung development

39
Q

Oligohydraminos caused by

A

renal agenisis
cystic kidney
Growth restricted fetus

40
Q

Polyhydraminos caused by

A

Anacephaly
Esophageal/Duedonal Atresia

41
Q

Cause of neonatal hypoglycemia

A

Less glycogen stores

Example sentence: Infants born to mothers with poorly controlled diabetes may be at risk for neonatal hypoglycemia.

42
Q

Amnion and chorion relationship at 12 weeks

A

Amnion meets inner surface of chorion, adhere but don’t fuse

Example sentence: The amnion and chorion form important protective layers around the developing fetus.

43
Q

Function of Amniotic Fluid

A

Protects Fetus
Allows movement of fetus
Prevents adhesion of fetus to amnion
Permits fetal lung development

Additional information: Amniotic fluid also helps maintain a stable temperature for the fetus.

44
Q

Causes of Oligohydramnios

A

Renal agenesis
cystic kidney
Growth restricted fetus

Additional information: Oligohydramnios is associated with an increased risk of fetal complications.

45
Q

Causes of Polyhydramnios

A

Anacephaly
Esophageal/Duodenal Atresia

Example sentence: Polyhydramnios may indicate a structural abnormality in the fetus.

Obstetrics (15 decks)

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