Fertility Flashcards
Spinnbarkheit (acellular mucus with low viscosity and high stretchability) formation is induced by:
secretory endometrium
progesterone effects on the endometrium
ovarian androgens
oestrogen action on cervical glands
prostaglandin secretion
oestrogen action on cervical glands (thus the cervical mucous becomes receptive to sperm)
Ejaculation from the posterior urethra is achieved by contractions of the smooth muscles of the urethra and striated muscles of the bulbocavernosus and…
ischiocavernosus
Emission is the movement of spermatozoa only into the urethra.
True or false?
False
Emission is sympathetically mediated via the hypogastric plexus.
True or false?
True
All of the following occur in fertilization except:
the acrosome reaction
the zona reaction
capacitation
breeching of the corona radiata by the sperm
breeching of the zona pellucida by the sperm
Capacitation
The zona reaction occurs in fertilization to prevents polyspermy. Capacitation occurs prior to fertilization.
Successful fertilisation is most likely to occur when the oocyte is in:
the oviduct and has entered the second meiotic division
the uterus and has completed the first meiotic division
the Graafian follicle which then enters the oviduct
the uterus, extruding the second polar body and implanting
metaphase of first mitosis
the oviduct and has entered the second meiotic division
Select the correct statement concerning hormonal contraception:
Oestrogen is used as a contraceptive on its own
Progesterone cannot prevent implantation of the blastocyst
The contraceptive action of oestrogen is to inhibit FSH release
Progesterone directly inactivates sperm
The combined oral contraceptive pill is taken every day.
The contraceptive action of oestrogen is to inhibit FSH release.
(Hence, follicular development is inhibited)
Select the correct statement. Implantation occurs:
4 days after fertilisation
when the embryo is at the morula stage
only after priming the uterus by oestrogen and progesterone
on the first day after entry of the embryo into the uterus
occurs during the proliferative phase o the uterine cycle
only after priming the uterus by oestrogen and progesterone
Implantation occurs usually 6 days after fertilization
The next ovulatory cycle after implantation is postponed because of:
high levels of prolactin
production of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) by syncytiotrophoblast cells
production of prostaglandins by the corpus luteum
the depletion of oocytes in the ovary
low levels of progesterone
production of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) by syncytiotrophoblast cells
(This maintains the secretory activities of the corpus luteum and hence oestrogen secretion which inhibits FSH and LH release and therefore further follicular development)
The oocyte completes its first meiotic division when the sperm penetrates the plasma membrane.
True or false?
False
Polyspermy (repeated fertilisation) is prevented by depolarisation of the oocyte membrane and changes in the zona pellucida.
True or false?
True
In semen analysis, an abnormal morphology of greater than 20% is considered abnormal.
True or false?
False
The semen rapidly coagulates upon deposition in the female due to proteins in the cervical mucous.
True or false?
False
