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Fertile Crescent > Fertile Crescent > Flashcards

Fertile Crescent Flashcards

1
Q

Before the rise of civilization people were nomadic. What does this mean?

A

They traveled from place to place hunting and gathering food

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2
Q
  1. How was the behavior of nomadic people regulated?
A

Through unwritten customs

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3
Q
  1. How did ancient people progress in their social organization?
A

Nomadic clans to villages to city-states to empires

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4
Q
  1. The first civilizations developed near these two rivers.
A

The Tigris and Euphrates

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5
Q
  1. Why did the first civilizations develop in river valleys?
A

Because annual flooding left silt on the surrounding land which enriched the soil

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6
Q
  1. How did the first farmers cope with challenges posed by rivers?
A

They learned to control flooding and use irrigation systems

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7
Q
  1. What was the name of the area that gave birth to the first civilizations?
A

Mesopotamia

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8
Q
  1. What do all civilizations need to survive and grow?
A

Resources

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9
Q
  1. What was the first civilization of the ancient world?
A

Sumer

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10
Q
  1. What are the five key elements of civilization?
A

I) Centralized Government;
2)Organized Religion; 3) Arts, Architecture, and Public Works; 4) Job Specialization and Social Classes; and 5) Writing

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11
Q
  1. What does polytheistic mean?
A

Believed in many gods and goddesses

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12
Q
  1. How did the Hebrews differ from other ancient people?
A

Were monotheistic, not polytheistic

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13
Q

What was the most important religious duty of ancient citizens

A

To keep their gods happy

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14
Q
  1. What were temples in the Fertile Crescent called?
A

Ziggurats

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15
Q
  1. What stood at the top of each Ziggurat?
A

A shrine to the chief god or goddess of the city

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16
Q
  1. Why did ancient rulers build large palaces and temples?
A

To make the citizens believe in the power and strength of the rulers and gods

17
Q

What claim did ancient rulers claim to justify their authority?

A

The will of the gods

18
Q
  1. What does it mean when we say that rulers in the ancient world were hereditary leaders?
A

Leadership was passed from father to son

19
Q
  1. What caused conflicts among the first civilizations of the Fertile Crescent?
A

They competed to control land and water

20
Q
  1. What developed as a result of the need to control the rivers, collect taxes, and build public works projects?
A

The first centralized governments in history

21
Q
  1. List any three groups of people who developed civilizations in the Fertile Crescent.
A

Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylo11ians, Hebrews, Hittites, Medes, Persians, Phoenicians, and Sumerians

22
Q
  1. What tasks did the first organized governments perform?
A

Write laws, collect taxes, provide food supply, and maintain defense

23
Q
  1. Why were the first laws written?
A

To regulate the behavior of people who were now strangers to one another in cities

24
Q
  1. In the ancient world, who was specially trained to read and write?
A

A scribe

25
Q
  1. What did ancient people invent to record grain harvests and keep accurate records of the seasons?
A

Writing

26
Q
  1. How did ancient rulers use public works projects to ensure the cities’ food supplies?
A

Built irrigation systems, roads, and bridges and kept records of harvests

27
Q
  1. How did ancient rulers use public work projects to provide for the defense of the city?
A

Built walls around the city to protect it from attack

28
Q

How did cities change the way people worked?

A

People specialized in jobs for the first time

29
Q

Why were people able to specialize in jobs in early civilizations?

A

Surpluses in food meant that not everyone had to search for food

30
Q

Ranking people according to their jobs led to this

A

The development of the first social classes

Fertile Crescent (1 decks)

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