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M6 > Ferrous Materials > Flashcards

Ferrous Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What does a ferrous material contain

A

Iron

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2
Q

How do you make steel

A

Pure iron is remelted where carbon is introduced, the amount of carbon give the required characteristics.

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3
Q

What is iron melted in

A

A blast furnace

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4
Q

Low carbon

A

0.1-0.3% Carbon

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5
Q

Medium carbon

A

0.3-0.5% Carbon

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6
Q

High carbon

A

0.5-1.05% Carbon

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7
Q

Alloying with Sulphur

A

Decrease ductility

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8
Q

Alloying with Manganese

A

Adds strength and hardness

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9
Q

Alloying with Silicon

A

Adds strength and hardness (worst the

An manganese)

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10
Q

Alloying with Phosphorus

A

Increases strength, hardness and corrosion resistance

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11
Q

Alloying with Nickel

A

Increases hardenablity and impact strength

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12
Q

Alloying with Chromium

A

Increases corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance

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13
Q

Alloying with Molybdenum

A

Increases the hardenablity and impact strength

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14
Q

Alloying with Vanadium

A

Increases yield strength and tensile strength

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15
Q

Alloying with Titanium

A

Improves toughness

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16
Q

What does AISI stand for

A

American iron and steel institute

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17
Q

Digits in the AISI

A

First two = alloying element

Last two = percentage of carbon

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18
Q

What is Tempering

A

A method used to decrease the hardness, thereby increasing ductility and toughness.
Relieves stresses

19
Q

What is Hardening

A

Material is heated above its critical temperature, allowing carbon to disperse uniformly into the iron,
Cooled rapidly by quenching, if too quick its structure will become to brittle

20
Q

What is annealing

A

Softens and relieves its internal stresses, the steel is heated to its critical limit, soaked at this temperature, cooling very slowly.

21
Q

What is Normalising

A

Steel is heated to 100 F above critical limit, soaked for a prescribed time and cooled at room temp,
Relieving internal stresses

22
Q

What is Quenching

A

The rate at which steel will cool down, it is governed by the quenching medium, brine is the best quench.

23
Q

What does CRES stand for

A

Corrosion resistant steel

24
Q

Properties of CRES

A

Corrosion resistance, strength, toughness and resistance to high temperature

25
Q

Negative properties of CRES

A

Greater coefficient of expansion and not suitable in high temperature environments

26
Q

Austentic

A 
Chromium or nickel and chromium nickel magnese alloy
Non magnetic 
Limited use 
200/300 series 
Cannot be heat treated
27
Q

Ferritic

A 
15-30% chromium 
400 series
Small amounts of aluminium 
Carbon below 1% 
Magnetic
Cannot be heat treated
28
Q

Martensitic

A 
12-18% chromium 
400 series 
High carbon content 
Heat treatable 
Least corrosion resistance
29
Q

Precipitation hardening

A 
Little carbon
15-17% chromium 
4-7% nickel 
Heat treatable 
Corrosion resistance
30
Q

High strength low alloy steel

A

Iron based
Can be hardened to high strengths
300M used on landing gear

31
Q

Hydrogen embrittlement

A

Occurs in ferrous and titanium alloy

Hydrogen migrated through the material, reacts producing methane, build up in pressure then cracks occur

32
Q

What is stress concentrations

A

The misuse of tools leading to scratches, general damage to surface finish

33
Q

Types of surface protection

A 
Cadmium
Paint
Aluminium spraying 
Silver plating 
Chromium and nickel plating
34
Q

What is Galvanic corrosion

A

Potential is a measure of how dissimilar metals will corrode when placed against each other

35
Q

Case hardening

A

Some steel components require a hard durable surface

36
Q

Two methods of case hardening

A

Carburising

Nitriding

37
Q

Carburising

A

Produces a thin layer of high carbon steel on the surface
Heating to 900 C
Followed by heat treatment
Carbon absorbed 1mm every 5-6 hours

38
Q

Pack carburising

A

Heating to 1700 F
Surrounded by charcoal
Carbon penetrates surface to harden it
Metal is quenched

39
Q

Gas Carburising

A

Object placed in furnace

Filled with carbon rich gas

40
Q

Liquid Carburising

A

Object heated to a sensible temp

Put in salt bath at 900 C

41
Q

Flame hardening

A

Steel heated with a oxy actene touch

Quenched with a jet of water

42
Q

Induction hardening

A

Whole circumference heated by an induction coil

43
Q

Nitriding

A

Improves final surface finish
Hardened, tempered and ground
Introduction of nitrogen

M6 (6 decks)

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