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Rabbits, Rodents, and Ferrets > Ferrets > Flashcards

Ferrets Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average life span of a ferret?

A

6-12 years

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2
Q

What is the reported normal rectal temperature for ferrets?

A

100-104F

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3
Q

What is the normal heart rate for ferrets?

A

180-250bpm

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4
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for ferrets?

A

33-36bpm

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5
Q

What is the typical blood volume for ferrets?

A

8% of body weight- about 65-80mL

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6
Q

What is the normal urine pH for ferrets?

A

6.5-7.5

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7
Q

What is the recommended dosing schedule for distemper vaccinations (per Dr. Isaza)?

A

Initial vaccine at 8 weeks of age, with boosters at 11 and 14 weeks

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8
Q

True or false: Unlike dogs, ferrets are not required to have proof of rabies vaccination in the state of Florida.

A

False. It is required by both the state and Alachua County.

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9
Q

True or false: It is good practice to have clients wait with their ferrets at the clinic at least 30 minutes after administering vaccinations.

A

True. Vaccine reactions are very common in ferrets.

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with vaccine reactions in ferrets?

A

High fever, lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea

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11
Q

True or false: Although ferrets can contract heartworms, their is no effective preventative available.

A

False. Ferrets can receive ivermectin to prevent heartworm.

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12
Q

Which three protozoal GI parasites are more commonly found in ferrets?

A

Coccidia, Giardia, and Cryptosporidia

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13
Q

What increases the risk of a ferret having fleas? What type of flea do they more commonly have?

A

More likely in multiple animal households

Usually the cat flea (C. felis)

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14
Q

What is the scientific name of the domestic ferret?

A

Mustela putorius furo

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15
Q

What should you be looking for on oral examination of a ferret?

A

Evidence of periodontal disease
Oral foreign bodies
Fractured teeth

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16
Q

True or false: A common complication of intrathoracic blood collection in ferrets is hitting the heart.

A

False. The heart is rarely damaged during blood collection because it sits further back in the thoracic cavity.

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17
Q

Administration of isoflurane can cause what change to the hemogram?

A

Can increase PCV

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18
Q

True or false: Creatinine values are rarely affected in early renal disease.

A

True.

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19
Q

During radiographic interpretation, it is common to find enlargement in which organ?

A

The spleen

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20
Q

How is megaesophagus diagnosed?

A

Thoracic radiographs, +/- barium study

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21
Q

What are the clinical signs of GI disease in ferrets?

A

Abdominal pain, nausea, and abnormal stools

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22
Q

What sign indicates a ferret is suffering from abdominal pain?

A

Bruxism (grinding teeth)

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23
Q

What sign indicates a ferret is suffering from nausea?

A

Bruxism (grinding teeth), pawing at the mouth, and drooling

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24
Q

What is the etiologic agent in gastritis caused by gastric ulceration?

A

Helicobacter mustelae

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25
Q

What three drugs are used to treat gastric ulceration?

A

Amoxicillin, metronidazole, and bismuth subsalicyate

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26
Q

What are differentials for gastric bloat caused by pyloric obstruction?

A

Foreign body
Pyloric adenocarcinoma
Dietary (Clostridium perfringens)

27
Q

True or false: Vomiting is a common clinical sign of GI foreign body in ferrets?

A

False. They can vomit, but rarely do. They more commonly present with lethargy or weight loss.

28
Q

What is the etiologic agent of proliferative bowel disease in ferrets?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

29
Q

What is the treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in ferrets?

A

Prednisone

30
Q

What is the treatment for proliferative bowel disease?

A

Chloramphenicol

31
Q

What is the treatment for eosinophilic gastroenteritis in ferrets?

A

Prednisone, ivermectin

32
Q

Raw diets are associated with what disease in ferrets? How can you diagnose it?

A

Salmonellosis- diagnose with culture

33
Q

What disease is commonly called “green slime disease,” and why?

A

Epizootic catarrhal enteritis. One of the clinical signs is a green, mucoid diarrhea.

34
Q

In general, are adult ferrets or kits more affected by epizootic catarrhal disease?

A

The disease is worse in adults

35
Q

What are the clinical signs of heartworm disease?

A

Pleural effusion, ascites, coughing, lethargy, and sudden death

It is similar to infestation in cats q

36
Q

True or false: Ferrets are highly susceptible to influenza.

A

True.

37
Q

What is the major distinction between distemper and influenza in ferrets?

A

Influenza is self-limiting, while distemper is fatal.

38
Q

What characterizes the clinical signs of Aleutian mink disease?

A

Nonspecific- “nebulopathy”

Usually mild, chronic signs- wasting, anemia, neurological signs in young ferrets

39
Q

How is Aleutian mink disease diagnosed?

A

Decreased albumin
Gamma globulins >20% of total protein
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP)

40
Q

What more common diseases should be considered and ruled out before a diagnosis of Aleutian mink disease is made?

A
  1. GI foreign body
  2. Gastroenteritis
  3. Lymphosarcoma
  4. Insulinoma
  5. Lead toxicity
  6. Multiple myeloma
41
Q

What are the two different forms of lymphosarcoma in ferrets?

A

Lymphoblastic or “juvenile” (<1 year old)

Lymphocytic or “adult” (>2 years old)

42
Q

True or false: A lymphocyte count of >3,500/uL on CBC is considered diagnostic for lymphosarcoma.

A

False. It raises suspicion for the disease, but diagnosis should be made by ultrasound, biopsy, etc.

43
Q

How is lymphosarcoma treated in ferrets?

A

Vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone

44
Q

Are mast cell tumors in ferrets generally benign or malignant in their biological behavior?

A

Benign

45
Q

Are sebaceous epitheliomas in ferrets generally benign or malignant in their biological behavior?

A

Benign

46
Q

What is the most common site for chondromas?

A

The tail

47
Q

What is the classic clinical presentation of a ferret with disseminated idiopathic myofascitis?

A

A ferret 1-2 years old with fever and in constant pain, or pain on palpation anywhere on the body

48
Q

What is the most common bloodwork abnormality of a ferret with disseminated idiopathic myofascitis?

A

Mild to marked neutrophilic leukocytosis

49
Q

Ferret infectious peritonitis is secondary to what virus? Does it more closely resemble the “wet” or the “dry” form of the disease in cats?

A

Epizootic catarrhal enteritis (coronavirus)

Resembles “dry” form- no effusions

50
Q

True or false: Ferrets get Cushing’s disease.

A

FALSE FALSE FALSE

51
Q

Adrenal disease in ferrets affects which layer of the cortex, resulting in an elevation of which hormones?

A

Zona reticularis

Elevation in sex steroids (androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone)

52
Q

What is the classic presentation of a ferret with hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Symmetrical, truncal alopecia, may be pruritic

53
Q

What are some gender-specific signs of hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Females- swollen vulva

Males- difficulty urinating due to enlarged prostate

54
Q

In regards to the treatment of hyperadrenocroticism, what is the mechanism of action for leuprolide acetate?

A

Synthetic GnRH- floods system and provides negative feedback

55
Q

In regards to the treatment of hyperadrenocroticism, what is the mechanism of action for mitotane? What is the risk of treating with this drug?

A

Kills adrenal glands

Run the risk of iatrogenic Addisons’

56
Q

In regards to the treatment of hyperadrenocroticism, what is the mechanism of action for bicalutamide or flutamide?

A

Androgen receptor blockers

57
Q

In regards to the treatment of hyperadrenocroticism, what is the mechanism of action for anastrozole?

A

Blocks estrogen

58
Q

What blood glucose level is considered diagnostic for insulinoma?

A

<60-70 mg/dL

59
Q

What are common clinical signs of insulinoma?

A

Lethargy, weakness, difficulty waking up, drooling, pawing at mouth, weight loss, hindlimb “ataxia”

60
Q

What can be done to symptomatically manage insulinoma?

A

Give small, frequent meals

Supplement with corn syrup or Nutrical

61
Q

What clinical sign of hyperestrogenism can distinguish it from hyperadrenocorticism in intact females?

A

Pale mucus membranes

62
Q

Before taking a ferret with hyperestrogenism to surgery, what do you need to check?

A

PCV- a PCV <14% has a poor prognosis

63
Q

You suspect hyperestrogenism in your ferret patient, but she is spayed. What’s your top differential?

A

Ovarian remnant

64
Q

Ferrets most commonly get what bladder stone type?

A

Struvite

Rabbits, Rodents, and Ferrets (2 decks)

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