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Ferrets Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average life span of a ferret?

A

6-12 years

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2
Q

What is the reported normal rectal temperature for ferrets?

A

100-104F

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3
Q

What is the normal heart rate for ferrets?

A

180-250bpm

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4
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for ferrets?

A

33-36bpm

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5
Q

What is the typical blood volume for ferrets?

A

8% of body weight- about 65-80mL

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6
Q

What is the normal urine pH for ferrets?

A

6.5-7.5

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7
Q

What is the recommended dosing schedule for distemper vaccinations (per Dr. Isaza)?

A

Initial vaccine at 8 weeks of age, with boosters at 11 and 14 weeks

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8
Q

True or false: Unlike dogs, ferrets are not required to have proof of rabies vaccination in the state of Florida.

A

False. It is required by both the state and Alachua County.

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9
Q

True or false: It is good practice to have clients wait with their ferrets at the clinic at least 30 minutes after administering vaccinations.

A

True. Vaccine reactions are very common in ferrets.

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with vaccine reactions in ferrets?

A

High fever, lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea

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11
Q

True or false: Although ferrets can contract heartworms, their is no effective preventative available.

A

False. Ferrets can receive ivermectin to prevent heartworm.

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12
Q

Which three protozoal GI parasites are more commonly found in ferrets?

A

Coccidia, Giardia, and Cryptosporidia

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13
Q

What increases the risk of a ferret having fleas? What type of flea do they more commonly have?

A

More likely in multiple animal households

Usually the cat flea (C. felis)

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14
Q

What is the scientific name of the domestic ferret?

A

Mustela putorius furo

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15
Q

What should you be looking for on oral examination of a ferret?

A

Evidence of periodontal disease
Oral foreign bodies
Fractured teeth

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16
Q

True or false: A common complication of intrathoracic blood collection in ferrets is hitting the heart.

A

False. The heart is rarely damaged during blood collection because it sits further back in the thoracic cavity.

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17
Q

Administration of isoflurane can cause what change to the hemogram?

A

Can increase PCV

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18
Q

True or false: Creatinine values are rarely affected in early renal disease.

A

True.

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19
Q

During radiographic interpretation, it is common to find enlargement in which organ?

A

The spleen

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20
Q

How is megaesophagus diagnosed?

A

Thoracic radiographs, +/- barium study

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21
Q

What are the clinical signs of GI disease in ferrets?

A

Abdominal pain, nausea, and abnormal stools

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22
Q

What sign indicates a ferret is suffering from abdominal pain?

A

Bruxism (grinding teeth)

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23
Q

What sign indicates a ferret is suffering from nausea?

A

Bruxism (grinding teeth), pawing at the mouth, and drooling

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24
Q

What is the etiologic agent in gastritis caused by gastric ulceration?

A

Helicobacter mustelae

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25
What three drugs are used to treat gastric ulceration?
Amoxicillin, metronidazole, and bismuth subsalicyate
26
What are differentials for gastric bloat caused by pyloric obstruction?
Foreign body Pyloric adenocarcinoma Dietary (Clostridium perfringens)
27
True or false: Vomiting is a common clinical sign of GI foreign body in ferrets?
False. They can vomit, but rarely do. They more commonly present with lethargy or weight loss.
28
What is the etiologic agent of proliferative bowel disease in ferrets?
Lawsonia intracellularis
29
What is the treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in ferrets?
Prednisone
30
What is the treatment for proliferative bowel disease?
Chloramphenicol
31
What is the treatment for eosinophilic gastroenteritis in ferrets?
Prednisone, ivermectin
32
Raw diets are associated with what disease in ferrets? How can you diagnose it?
Salmonellosis- diagnose with culture
33
What disease is commonly called "green slime disease," and why?
Epizootic catarrhal enteritis. One of the clinical signs is a green, mucoid diarrhea.
34
In general, are adult ferrets or kits more affected by epizootic catarrhal disease?
The disease is worse in adults
35
What are the clinical signs of heartworm disease?
Pleural effusion, ascites, coughing, lethargy, and sudden death It is similar to infestation in cats q
36
True or false: Ferrets are highly susceptible to influenza.
True.
37
What is the major distinction between distemper and influenza in ferrets?
Influenza is self-limiting, while distemper is fatal.
38
What characterizes the clinical signs of Aleutian mink disease?
Nonspecific- "nebulopathy" | Usually mild, chronic signs- wasting, anemia, neurological signs in young ferrets
39
How is Aleutian mink disease diagnosed?
Decreased albumin Gamma globulins >20% of total protein Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP)
40
What more common diseases should be considered and ruled out before a diagnosis of Aleutian mink disease is made?
1. GI foreign body 2. Gastroenteritis 3. Lymphosarcoma 4. Insulinoma 5. Lead toxicity 6. Multiple myeloma
41
What are the two different forms of lymphosarcoma in ferrets?
Lymphoblastic or "juvenile" (<1 year old) Lymphocytic or "adult" (>2 years old)
42
True or false: A lymphocyte count of >3,500/uL on CBC is considered diagnostic for lymphosarcoma.
False. It raises suspicion for the disease, but diagnosis should be made by ultrasound, biopsy, etc.
43
How is lymphosarcoma treated in ferrets?
Vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone
44
Are mast cell tumors in ferrets generally benign or malignant in their biological behavior?
Benign
45
Are sebaceous epitheliomas in ferrets generally benign or malignant in their biological behavior?
Benign
46
What is the most common site for chondromas?
The tail
47
What is the classic clinical presentation of a ferret with disseminated idiopathic myofascitis?
A ferret 1-2 years old with fever and in constant pain, or pain on palpation anywhere on the body
48
What is the most common bloodwork abnormality of a ferret with disseminated idiopathic myofascitis?
Mild to marked neutrophilic leukocytosis
49
Ferret infectious peritonitis is secondary to what virus? Does it more closely resemble the "wet" or the "dry" form of the disease in cats?
Epizootic catarrhal enteritis (coronavirus) Resembles "dry" form- no effusions
50
True or false: Ferrets get Cushing's disease.
FALSE FALSE FALSE
51
Adrenal disease in ferrets affects which layer of the cortex, resulting in an elevation of which hormones?
Zona reticularis Elevation in sex steroids (androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone)
52
What is the classic presentation of a ferret with hyperadrenocorticism?
Symmetrical, truncal alopecia, may be pruritic
53
What are some gender-specific signs of hyperadrenocorticism?
Females- swollen vulva | Males- difficulty urinating due to enlarged prostate
54
In regards to the treatment of hyperadrenocroticism, what is the mechanism of action for leuprolide acetate?
Synthetic GnRH- floods system and provides negative feedback
55
In regards to the treatment of hyperadrenocroticism, what is the mechanism of action for mitotane? What is the risk of treating with this drug?
Kills adrenal glands Run the risk of iatrogenic Addisons'
56
In regards to the treatment of hyperadrenocroticism, what is the mechanism of action for bicalutamide or flutamide?
Androgen receptor blockers
57
In regards to the treatment of hyperadrenocroticism, what is the mechanism of action for anastrozole?
Blocks estrogen
58
What blood glucose level is considered diagnostic for insulinoma?
<60-70 mg/dL
59
What are common clinical signs of insulinoma?
Lethargy, weakness, difficulty waking up, drooling, pawing at mouth, weight loss, hindlimb "ataxia"
60
What can be done to symptomatically manage insulinoma?
Give small, frequent meals | Supplement with corn syrup or Nutrical
61
What clinical sign of hyperestrogenism can distinguish it from hyperadrenocorticism in intact females?
Pale mucus membranes
62
Before taking a ferret with hyperestrogenism to surgery, what do you need to check?
PCV- a PCV <14% has a poor prognosis
63
You suspect hyperestrogenism in your ferret patient, but she is spayed. What's your top differential?
Ovarian remnant
64
Ferrets most commonly get what bladder stone type?
Struvite

Rabbits, Rodents, and Ferrets (2 decks)

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