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BCPS > FEN > Flashcards

FEN Flashcards

1
Q

Total body water is about ___% of body weight

A

50-60%

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2
Q

Total body water = __/3 intercellular fluid (ICF) and __/3 extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

Total body water = 2/3 intercellular fluid (ICF) and 1/3 extracellular fluid (ECF)

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3
Q

What is the primary osmotically active solute in extracellular space?

A

Sodium

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4
Q

What are the primary intercellular oncotic forces?

A

Potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus

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5
Q

Total body water = ____ L/kg

A

Total body water = 0.5-0.6 L/kg

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6
Q

Extracellular fluid is 1/3 TBW. How much of extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid and how much is intravascular fluid?

A

Interstitial fluid is 3/4 ECF and intravascular fluid is 1/4 ECF

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7
Q 
Which of the following IV fluid(s) are only distributed in the extracellular fluid?
A. 0.9% NaCl
B. D5W
C. 0.45% NaCl
D. Lactated Ringers (LR)
E. D5W/0.45% NaCl
A

A. 0.9% NaCl & D. Lactated Ringers (LR)

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8
Q

What is the adult fluid requirement?

A

30-40 mL/kg/day

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9
Q 
Which of the following IV fluid(s) are best for volume resuscitation?
A. 0.9% NaCl
B. D5W
C. 0.45% NaCl
D. Lactated Ringers (LR)
E. D5W/0.45% NaCl
A

A. 0.9% NaCl and D. Lactated Ringers (LR)

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10
Q 
Which of the following IV fluid(s) are best in the setting of dehydration/free water deficit?
A. 0.9% NaCl
B. D5W
C. 0.45% NaCl
D. Lactated Ringers (LR)
A

B. D5W

C. 0.45% NaCl

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11
Q

What is the reference range for sodium?

A

135-145 mEq/L

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12
Q

What is the daily requirement for sodium?

A

1-2 mEq/kg

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13
Q

Hyponatremia is classified by plasma osmolality. What is the normal range for plasma osmolality?

A

275-295 mOsm/kg

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14
Q

SIADH is a type of _____
A. Hypovolemic hyponatremia
B. Euvolemic hyponatremia
C. Hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

B. Euvolemic hyponatremia

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15
Q

The reference range for potassium is _____ mEq/L

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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16
Q

True or False: Potassium is the major intracellular cation.

A

True

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17
Q

True or false: Beta-agonists such as albuterol can cause hypokalemia.

A

True

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18
Q

True or false: both loop and thiazide diuretics can cause hypokalemia.

A

True

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19
Q

True or false: Mineralocorticoids can cause hypokalemia.

A

True

20
Q

True or false: diarrhea does not cause hypokalemia.

A

False. Diarrhea can cause hypokalemia.

21
Q

What are some symptoms of severe hypokalemia?

A

Muscle contractility leading to weakness and constipation, cardiac arrhythmias in severe cases, and sudden death.

22
Q

10 mEq of potassium supplementation increases serum potassium by ___ mEq/L.

A

0.1 mEq/L

23
Q

True or false: when treating hypokalemia in patients with renal failure, it is best to reduce the supplementation dose by half.

A

True

24
Q

What are the most common side effects of oral potassium supplementation?

A

GI related adverse effects

25
Q

True or false: when treating hypokalemia, it is important to treat hypomagnesemia as well if present.

A

True

26
Q

If potassium supplementation is being given in powder form through a tube, 20 mEq should be diluted in ___ mL of water.

A

60 mL

27
Q

When can you check serum levels of potassium after administration of IV potassium supplementation?

A

2-4 hours after end of administration

28
Q

True or false: IV potassium can be administered rapidly.

A

False. Should be replaced slowly (usually at a rate of 10 mEq/hr or less)

29
Q

True or false: adding lidocaine to the IV container of IV potassium supplementation is recommended to decrease phlebitis and pain.

A

False. It is not recommended as it can mask the signs of problem or cause toxicity.

30
Q

Hypophosphatemia is defined as a serum phosphate < ___ mmol/dL.

A

< 2.5 mmol/dL

31
Q

The oral recommended dose for hypophosphatemia treatment is _____ mg/day for up to 7-10 day course.

A

1000-2000 mg/day

32
Q

True or False: oral phosphate can cause constipation.

A

False. It causes osmotic diarrhea

33
Q

The recommended rate for IV phosphate is less than ____ mmol/hr.

A

Less than 7.5 mmol/hr

34
Q

If hypophosphatemia is managed via IV phosphate replacement, levels may be checked ___ hours post-dose.

A

2-4 hours

35
Q

In setting of renal failure, it is recommended to reduce the dose of phosphate replacement by __%.

A

50%

36
Q

For mild hypophosphatemia (2.1-2.5), the recommended phosphorus dose is ____ mmol/kg.

A

0.16 mmol/kg

37
Q

For moderate hypophosphatemia (1.5-2), the recommended phosphorus dose is ____ mmol/kg.

A

0.32 mmol/kg

38
Q

For severe hypophosphatemia (2.1-2.5), the recommended phosphorus dose is ____ mmol/kg.

A

0.64 mmol/kg

39
Q

Symptoms of hypophosphatemia, such as diaphragm weakness, respiratory failure, impaired myocardial contractility and heart failure, proximal weakness, dysphagia, tremors, do not manifest until serum level is less than ___ mg/dL.

A

Less than 1 mg/dL

40
Q

The reference range for magnesium is ___ mg/dL.

A

1.7-2.3 mg/dL

41
Q

True or false: magnesium is bound to albumin.

A

True

42
Q

Low levels of magnesium are common and normal in the setting of ______.

A

Hypoalbuminemia

43
Q

True or False: chronic PPI use can cause hypermagnesemia.

A

False. It can case byponagnesemia.

44
Q

True or False: oral magnesium supplementation is preferred over IV.

A

False. IV magnesium supplementation is preferred to oral.

45
Q

The oral absorption of magnesium is variable, but usually between ____ and ___%.

A

15-40%

46
Q

True or False: Magnesium can cause osmotic diarrhea and GI intolerance.

A

True

47
Q

Magnesium starting oral dose is 300-600 mg daily and should be given in divided doses due to ____.

A

Diarrhea/GI intolerance adverse effect(s)

BCPS (1 decks)

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