FEN Flashcards
Total body water is about ___% of body weight
50-60%
Total body water = __/3 intercellular fluid (ICF) and __/3 extracellular fluid (ECF)
Total body water = 2/3 intercellular fluid (ICF) and 1/3 extracellular fluid (ECF)
What is the primary osmotically active solute in extracellular space?
Sodium
What are the primary intercellular oncotic forces?
Potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus
Total body water = ____ L/kg
Total body water = 0.5-0.6 L/kg
Extracellular fluid is 1/3 TBW. How much of extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid and how much is intravascular fluid?
Interstitial fluid is 3/4 ECF and intravascular fluid is 1/4 ECF
Which of the following IV fluid(s) are only distributed in the extracellular fluid? A. 0.9% NaCl B. D5W C. 0.45% NaCl D. Lactated Ringers (LR) E. D5W/0.45% NaCl
A. 0.9% NaCl & D. Lactated Ringers (LR)
What is the adult fluid requirement?
30-40 mL/kg/day
Which of the following IV fluid(s) are best for volume resuscitation? A. 0.9% NaCl B. D5W C. 0.45% NaCl D. Lactated Ringers (LR) E. D5W/0.45% NaCl
A. 0.9% NaCl and D. Lactated Ringers (LR)
Which of the following IV fluid(s) are best in the setting of dehydration/free water deficit? A. 0.9% NaCl B. D5W C. 0.45% NaCl D. Lactated Ringers (LR)
B. D5W
C. 0.45% NaCl
What is the reference range for sodium?
135-145 mEq/L
What is the daily requirement for sodium?
1-2 mEq/kg
Hyponatremia is classified by plasma osmolality. What is the normal range for plasma osmolality?
275-295 mOsm/kg
SIADH is a type of _____
A. Hypovolemic hyponatremia
B. Euvolemic hyponatremia
C. Hypervolemic hyponatremia
B. Euvolemic hyponatremia
The reference range for potassium is _____ mEq/L
3.5-5 mEq/L
True or False: Potassium is the major intracellular cation.
True
True or false: Beta-agonists such as albuterol can cause hypokalemia.
True
True or false: both loop and thiazide diuretics can cause hypokalemia.
True
True or false: Mineralocorticoids can cause hypokalemia.
True
True or false: diarrhea does not cause hypokalemia.
False. Diarrhea can cause hypokalemia.
What are some symptoms of severe hypokalemia?
Muscle contractility leading to weakness and constipation, cardiac arrhythmias in severe cases, and sudden death.
10 mEq of potassium supplementation increases serum potassium by ___ mEq/L.
0.1 mEq/L
True or false: when treating hypokalemia in patients with renal failure, it is best to reduce the supplementation dose by half.
True
What are the most common side effects of oral potassium supplementation?
GI related adverse effects
True or false: when treating hypokalemia, it is important to treat hypomagnesemia as well if present.
True
If potassium supplementation is being given in powder form through a tube, 20 mEq should be diluted in ___ mL of water.
60 mL
When can you check serum levels of potassium after administration of IV potassium supplementation?
2-4 hours after end of administration
True or false: IV potassium can be administered rapidly.
False. Should be replaced slowly (usually at a rate of 10 mEq/hr or less)
True or false: adding lidocaine to the IV container of IV potassium supplementation is recommended to decrease phlebitis and pain.
False. It is not recommended as it can mask the signs of problem or cause toxicity.
Hypophosphatemia is defined as a serum phosphate < ___ mmol/dL.
< 2.5 mmol/dL
The oral recommended dose for hypophosphatemia treatment is _____ mg/day for up to 7-10 day course.
1000-2000 mg/day
True or False: oral phosphate can cause constipation.
False. It causes osmotic diarrhea
The recommended rate for IV phosphate is less than ____ mmol/hr.
Less than 7.5 mmol/hr
If hypophosphatemia is managed via IV phosphate replacement, levels may be checked ___ hours post-dose.
2-4 hours
In setting of renal failure, it is recommended to reduce the dose of phosphate replacement by __%.
50%
For mild hypophosphatemia (2.1-2.5), the recommended phosphorus dose is ____ mmol/kg.
0.16 mmol/kg
For moderate hypophosphatemia (1.5-2), the recommended phosphorus dose is ____ mmol/kg.
0.32 mmol/kg
For severe hypophosphatemia (2.1-2.5), the recommended phosphorus dose is ____ mmol/kg.
0.64 mmol/kg
Symptoms of hypophosphatemia, such as diaphragm weakness, respiratory failure, impaired myocardial contractility and heart failure, proximal weakness, dysphagia, tremors, do not manifest until serum level is less than ___ mg/dL.
Less than 1 mg/dL
The reference range for magnesium is ___ mg/dL.
1.7-2.3 mg/dL
True or false: magnesium is bound to albumin.
True
Low levels of magnesium are common and normal in the setting of ______.
Hypoalbuminemia
True or False: chronic PPI use can cause hypermagnesemia.
False. It can case byponagnesemia.
True or False: oral magnesium supplementation is preferred over IV.
False. IV magnesium supplementation is preferred to oral.
The oral absorption of magnesium is variable, but usually between ____ and ___%.
15-40%
True or False: Magnesium can cause osmotic diarrhea and GI intolerance.
True
Magnesium starting oral dose is 300-600 mg daily and should be given in divided doses due to ____.
Diarrhea/GI intolerance adverse effect(s)
