Feminism ideologies Flashcards
define feminism
Feminism is an ideology that has at its core the belief that society and institutions do not always work equally in the interests of women and men.
First wave feminism
what dates in history
what did they focus on
1850’s to 1940’s
focused on legal and political rights of women, the suffragette movement
Second wave feminism
what dates in history
what did they focus on
1960’s to 80’s
focused on patriarchy, sex and gender and the personal is political.
Third wave feminism
what dates in history
what did they focus on
1990’s
focused on widening understanding of variations affecting women’s oppression as they were concerned that feminism had been solely concerned with the experiences of white middle class women failing to identify concerns of women from other cultures and classes.
Fourth wave feminism
what dates in history
what did they focus on
2008+
focused on reacting to inequality based on the media, online misogyny and issues arising in expansion of social media - me too movement
What are the 5 core ideas of feminism
- sex and gender
- patriarchy
- the personal is political
- intersectionality
- equality versus difference
what are the four strands of feminism
- liberal feminism
- socialist feminism
- post-modern feminism
- radical feminism
what are the similarities among feminists on human nature
- All equality feminists believe that there is a difference between sex and gender
- Men and Women are treated differently because of their gender
how do difference feminists view human nature
- That one’s human nature stems from biological differences and therefore men and women are fundamentally different
- That gender is cause by sex
who is an example of a difference feminist thinker
Carol Gilligan
What does Gilligan argue about difference feminism
that there has been an assumption that there is ‘a single mode of social experience and interpretation’ when in fact men and women experience and interpret the world in different ways.
What are liberal feminists view on human nature
Humans are individualistic and rational should all have equality of opps with autonomy and choice. Gender stereotypes are artificially constructed.
What are socialist feminists view on human nature
They believe in foundational equality and that capitalism within society has corrupted human nature and socialises women separately to men.
What are radical feminists view on human nature
Women are indoctrinated to believe that childcare and domestic work are their ‘natural roles.’ The personal is political and there has been a dialectic struggle relating to the difference in biology and gender between men and women.
What are post-modern feminists view on human nature
Gender roles are forced upon women by society. This differ between the white middle class women and black working class. One’s human auntie isn’t fixed as it is unique and intersectional.
What are liberal feminists view on the state
That all genders should have equal representation within the state and parliament. - suffragette movement helped fight for this equal rep
They argue for a reformists state where changes are encompassed into an existing system,
What are socialist feminists view on the state
They recognise the patriarchy as being a male dominated system of oppression they argue that the primary cause of this is capitalism.
The patriarchy and capitalism must be removed and all women and working class men must unite together to remove it from society through revolution.
What are radical feminists view on the state
That the patriarchy is a systematic institutionalised persuasive process of gender oppression and this is the most important political division within the state.
Legal changes are required to do with sexual and domestic violence
All women are equally oppressed by the patriarchy.
What are post modern feminists view on the state
The patriarchy is pervasive in society and it changes and develops due to class, ethnicity and religion. PM feminists believe society needs to recognise these different forms of the patriarchy and in light of contemporary issues their needs to be cultural changes.
What are liberal feminists view on society
sexism is societal and that the public sphere > private sphere
law should facilitate legal equality in all public spheres of society to end discrimination and inequality in the work place
What are socialist feminists view on society
the personal is political, focus on private sphere
women are forced into domesticated roles to contribute to a capitalist society and have always been alienated by capitalism, once socialist revolution men and women will be able to coexist in an egalitarian society.
What are radical feminists view on society
The personal is political, heterosexual relationships are based on power not choice - abolish nuclear family, political lesbianism
Social rev needed to eradicate society of entrenched patriarchal values.
What are PM feminists view on society
Support the personal is political
Recognise that different groups of women experience different societal oppression and therefore there needs to be solidarity and alliances between these different groups.
What are liberal feminists view on the economy
Everyone should have same economic opps and equal economic rights - equal pay act 1970, Married Women’s Property Act 1870
