Feminism ideologies

Question 1

define feminism

Answer 1

Feminism is an ideology that has at its core the belief that society and institutions do not always work equally in the interests of women and men.

Question 2

First wave feminism
what dates in history
what did they focus on

Answer 2

1850’s to 1940’s
focused on legal and political rights of women, the suffragette movement

Question 3

Second wave feminism
what dates in history
what did they focus on

Answer 3

1960’s to 80’s
focused on patriarchy, sex and gender and the personal is political.

Question 4

Third wave feminism
what dates in history
what did they focus on

Answer 4

1990’s
focused on widening understanding of variations affecting women’s oppression as they were concerned that feminism had been solely concerned with the experiences of white middle class women failing to identify concerns of women from other cultures and classes.

Question 5

Fourth wave feminism
what dates in history
what did they focus on

Answer 5

2008+
focused on reacting to inequality based on the media, online misogyny and issues arising in expansion of social media - me too movement

Question 6

What are the 5 core ideas of feminism

Answer 6

• sex and gender
• patriarchy
• the personal is political
• intersectionality
• equality versus difference

Question 7

what are the four strands of feminism

Answer 7

• liberal feminism
• socialist feminism
• post-modern feminism
• radical feminism

Question 8

what are the similarities among feminists on human nature

Answer 8

• All equality feminists believe that there is a difference between sex and gender
• Men and Women are treated differently because of their gender

Question 9

how do difference feminists view human nature

Answer 9

• That one’s human nature stems from biological differences and therefore men and women are fundamentally different
• That gender is cause by sex

Question 10

who is an example of a difference feminist thinker

Answer 10

Carol Gilligan

Question 11

What does Gilligan argue about difference feminism

Answer 11

that there has been an assumption that there is ‘a single mode of social experience and interpretation’ when in fact men and women experience and interpret the world in different ways.

Question 12

What are liberal feminists view on human nature

Answer 12

Humans are individualistic and rational should all have equality of opps with autonomy and choice. Gender stereotypes are artificially constructed.

Question 13

What are socialist feminists view on human nature

Answer 13

They believe in foundational equality and that capitalism within society has corrupted human nature and socialises women separately to men.

Question 14

What are radical feminists view on human nature

Answer 14

Women are indoctrinated to believe that childcare and domestic work are their ‘natural roles.’ The personal is political and there has been a dialectic struggle relating to the difference in biology and gender between men and women.

Question 15

What are post-modern feminists view on human nature

Answer 15

Gender roles are forced upon women by society. This differ between the white middle class women and black working class. One’s human auntie isn’t fixed as it is unique and intersectional.

Question 16

What are liberal feminists view on the state

Answer 16

That all genders should have equal representation within the state and parliament. - suffragette movement helped fight for this equal rep
They argue for a reformists state where changes are encompassed into an existing system,

Question 17

What are socialist feminists view on the state

Answer 17

They recognise the patriarchy as being a male dominated system of oppression they argue that the primary cause of this is capitalism.
The patriarchy and capitalism must be removed and all women and working class men must unite together to remove it from society through revolution.

Question 18

What are radical feminists view on the state

Answer 18

That the patriarchy is a systematic institutionalised persuasive process of gender oppression and this is the most important political division within the state.
Legal changes are required to do with sexual and domestic violence
All women are equally oppressed by the patriarchy.

Question 19

What are post modern feminists view on the state

Answer 19

The patriarchy is pervasive in society and it changes and develops due to class, ethnicity and religion. PM feminists believe society needs to recognise these different forms of the patriarchy and in light of contemporary issues their needs to be cultural changes.

Question 20

What are liberal feminists view on society

Answer 20

sexism is societal and that the public sphere > private sphere
law should facilitate legal equality in all public spheres of society to end discrimination and inequality in the work place

Question 21

What are socialist feminists view on society

Answer 21

the personal is political, focus on private sphere
women are forced into domesticated roles to contribute to a capitalist society and have always been alienated by capitalism, once socialist revolution men and women will be able to coexist in an egalitarian society.

Question 22

What are radical feminists view on society

Answer 22

The personal is political, heterosexual relationships are based on power not choice - abolish nuclear family, political lesbianism
Social rev needed to eradicate society of entrenched patriarchal values.

Question 23

What are PM feminists view on society

Answer 23

Support the personal is political

Recognise that different groups of women experience different societal oppression and therefore there needs to be solidarity and alliances between these different groups.

Question 24

What are liberal feminists view on the economy

Answer 24

Everyone should have same economic opps and equal economic rights - equal pay act 1970, Married Women’s Property Act 1870

Question 25

What are socialist feminists views on the economy

Answer 25

Economics eventually leads to gender inequality, materialism and capitalism have weakened female position in society
Equality has to be seen in economic terms
commodity of fetishism

Question 26

What are radical feminists view on the economy

Answer 26

Women are suppressed in all spheres, trapped in private sphere
Financially oppressed
Increasing beauty culture has lead to further female objectification

Question 27

What are PM feminists view on the economy

Answer 27

There should be greater support for women within the economy who face intersectional inequality
Cyber patriarcism
Beauty standards and consumerism

Question 28

De Beauvoir
2 concepts

Answer 28

• sex vs gender, femininity is taught to women it isn’t inherent
• otherness, men are perceived the norm and women deviate from this and are seen as ‘othered’

Question 29

De Beauvoir key quote
“One is not born…”

Answer 29

“One is not born a woman but becomes one”

Question 30

De Beauvoir dates

Answer 30

1908-86

Question 31

Kate Millet
2 concepts

Answer 31

• understanding the traditional family is key to true sexual revolution as the family is seen as sexist and heterosexist, political lesbianism for complete freedom from patriarchy
• portrayal of women in art and literature degrades them

Question 32

Kate Millet dates

Answer 32

1934-2017

Question 33

De Beauvoir key quote
“Her ovaries…

Answer 33

“Her ovaries condemn her to live forever on her knees”

Question 34

Sheila Rowbotham key quote
“A revolution…

Answer 34

“A revolution within a revolution”

Question 35

Sheila Rowbotham
2 key concepts

Answer 35

– capitalism, forced women to sell their labour to survive and provide a reserve army of new labour
- family, disciplines women to capitalism and a place where men take refuge from the alienation of capitalism.

Question 36

Sheila Rowbotham key quote
“Men will often admit

Answer 36

“Men will often admit that tother women are oppressed but not you”

Question 37

Sheila Rowbotham dates

Answer 37

1943 -

Question 38

bell hooks dates

Answer 38

1951 - 2021