Feminism - Different types - final Flashcards

1
Q

What sort of feminism was first-wave feminism?

A

Liberal feminism

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2
Q

What are the key principles of liberal feminism?

A
  • Liberty - women should be free to choose the nature of their own lives.
  • Equal opportunity - full access to education and a career of their choosing.
  • Civil rights - the law must never discriminate against women.
  • Private rights - women should be able to own property.
  • Democracy - the right to vote and stand for election.
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3
Q

What did Betty Friedan call patriarchy?

A

‘the problem with no name’

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4
Q

Other than male superiority, what else does patriarchy involve according to Betty Friedan?

A

the self-assigned inferiority of women that could not see their own oppression.

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5
Q

What is meant by ‘otherness’?

A

Treating women as separate to society and inferior to men.

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6
Q

What 3 forms of action do liberal feminists propose to combat patriarchy?

A
  • Gender equality - the end of discrimination and allowing women to make their own life decisions.
  • Education - meant to combat cultural attitudes that reinforced women’s inferiority.
  • Formal equality - equal treatment before the law and equal protection of rights between men and women.
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7
Q

When did liberal (or first-wave) feminism dominate up to?

A

1960s

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of radical feminism?

A
  • The destruction of patriarchal society through revolution.
  • Female consciousness.
  • They are difference feminists, stressing and celebrating the differences between men and women.
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9
Q

How are women exploited in marriage according to Kate Millet?

A

Sexually and economically

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10
Q

What did Germaine Greer assert in her 1970 book ‘The Female Eunuch’?

A
  • men oppress women because they hate them.

- women have been taught to hate themselves.

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11
Q

What did Andrea Dworkin believe women needed to do?

A

Form lesbian communities to stop being seen as sex objects to men.

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12
Q

How do radical feminists propose to combat patriarchy?

A
  • Abolition of the nuclear family and the creation of communal child rearing.
  • Sexual liberation by escaping traditional male-female relationships.
  • The elimination of biological roles, where androgynous people no longer need men to reproduce using technology to reproduce instead.
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13
Q

What is cultural feminism?

A

A type of feminism that accepts that women are born culturally and biologically different, and that these differences are both useful to society and superior to men’s characteristics.

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14
Q

How do cultural feminists view women’s roles?

A

They accept that women are more likely to take up domestic roles but value them as highly, if not higher, than roles played by men.

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15
Q

Where do socialist feminists focus their efforts?

A

On the plight of working-class women.

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16
Q

What do socialist feminists argue women will be liberated from their inferior economic position?

A

The extreme modification of capitalism.

17
Q

In the eyes of socialist feminists, who draw on the ideas of Engels, what are women in the capitalist system?

A

A source of low-paid and expendable labour.

18
Q

What do socialist feminists seek above all?

A

The liberation of women from their economic dependence upon men.

19
Q

How do liberal feminists suggest bringing about the end of female economic oppression by men?

A
  • Power is to be distributed more evenly in society.

- A change in culture through education.

20
Q

What is post-modernism?

A

A general term for rejecting thinking that is limited to traditional ways of viewing the world; for feminism this means rejecting socialist and radical feminist ideas.

21
Q

What do post-modern feminists stress the importance of?

A

The importance of language in carrying forward patriarchal attitudes towards sexism.

22
Q

What do post-modern feminists believe?

A

That women should be given the freedom to make their own choices and choose the nature of their relationships; they may choose traditional roles, or they may choose less traditional ones.