Feminism Flashcards
What is the first wave of Feminism?
Liberalism
- Based upon liberalism –> rejection of tradition and patriarchy
- Concerned with:
- Racial equality
- Gender and class equality
- Reproductive rights
What are the two forms of feminism in the second wave?
- Marxist/Social
- Radical
What is Marxist feminism?
- Oppression of women intimately connected to capitalism
- Housework as necessary for reproduction of labour force
- Gender divisions are used to upload power of ruling class and capitalist modes of production
What is radical feminism?
- Patriarchy as prior & more engrained than other oppressions
- Form of patriarchy changes depending upon political, cultural and historical context
- Questioning essentialist understandings of gender
- The personal is political
What are the three forms of third wave feminism?
- Post-modernist
- Postcolonial
- Post-structuralist
What is post-modernist feminism?
- Rejection of essentialism
- Knowledge is gendered
- Focus on discourse
- Need for historically and geographically contextualised accounts of the world
What is post-structuralist feminism?
- Theoretical and political shift
- Change in social theory: Gender as fractured/fluid/unstable
- Judith Butler & Performativity
- Corporeality: the body and embodiment as social, cultural and political
How do the waves of feminism relate to theory and research?
- Different understandings of gender
- Essentialism vs. Social Constructionism
- Gendered ‘ways of thinking’ and knowledge
- Reflexivity and positionality
- Need for nuanced accounts of identity, subjectivity, action and agency
- Appreciating complexity and fluidity rather than (re)producing
What is essentialism?
- Description of things in terms of universal, unchangeable attributes
- Biological essentialism
- Natural division between men and women
- Essential ‘feminine and ‘masculine’ characteristics
How are place and space implicity gendered in geographical discourse?
- Place understood in terms of maternal Woman
- Space referred to Western hegemonic masculinities
Rose (1993)
What do space and place both have in common in geographical discourse?
Exclusion of owmen from geographical through masculinized understandings of geography
Rose (1993)
How does Keller argue that masculinity defines itself?
- Through rejection of the non-masculine
- Binary thinking
- Related to “the” couple man/woman –> not equal but hierarchized
- Relation between terms of each pair is one violence and repression
Rose, 2003
What does Rose (2003) state as the relationship between both sides of dualism?
- Two sides of dualism are not discrete alternatives because feminized size is defined in relation to the masculine
- Dualisms show the field of the Same –> represent a relationship between A and not-A
Rose (2003)
How did mechanical theories that developed in the 17th century represent Nature?
- As passive and female
- That can be controlled and exploited
Rose (2003)
What is agency?
Capacity to effect change in social world
