feminism

Question 1

liberal feminism
oakley - sex and gender

Answer 1

sex - biological
gender - what you socially regard yourself to be

Question 2

the enlightenment project

Answer 2

changes in socialisation and culture

political action to introduce anti discriminatory laws and policies

Question 3

meaning of changes in socialisation and culture

Answer 3

gradually leading to more rational attitudes towards gender

Question 4

meaning of political action to introduce anti-discriminatory laws and policies

Answer 4

bringing progress to society in which gender is no longer important

Question 5

radical feminism
firestone - patriarchy

Answer 5

the origins of women’s patriarchy lie in women’s biological capacity and care for infants, since performing this role makes them dependent on males - patriarchy is the primary and most fundamental part of all inequality and conflict - men are the women’s main enemy, men oppress women and men benefit from patriarchy

Question 6

‘the personal is the political’

Answer 6

radical feminists believe all relationships involve power, and they are political when one dominates the other - they focus on the way in which patriarchal power is exercised through personal relationships, often through physical or sexual violence

Question 7

what does brownmiller argue about rape

Answer 7

argues the fear of rape is a powerful deterrent against women going out alone at night

Question 8

what is sexual politics

Answer 8

personal relationships are political because men dominate women through them

Question 9

achieving women’s liberation
separation

Answer 9

living apart from men and creating a new culture of female independence, free from patriarchy

Question 10

achieving women’s liberation
consciousness raising

Answer 10

women-only consciousness raising groups that may lead to collective action against men

Question 11

political lesbianism

Answer 11

heterosexual relationships are ‘sleeping with the enemy’ and therefore lesbianism is the only non-oppressive form of sexuality

Question 12

marxist feminism
barrett - capitalism

Answer 12

capitalism is the main cause of women’s oppression (not patriarchy) and is the main winner from female oppression (not men)

Question 13

marxist feminists believe that women…

Answer 13

• provide cheap exploitable labour
• a reserve army of labour
• reproduce the labour force
• absorb anger

Question 14

ideology of familism
barrett

Answer 14

believes that it is because of our ideology in society from birth that ‘brainwashes’ women to believe that the sexual division of labour and their position is natural and normal - the nuclear family is portrayed as the only place where women can attain fulfilment