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Cramming > Feminism > Flashcards

Feminism Flashcards

1
Q

Feminism

A

Political ideology which aims to create a functioning society, where men and women can co-exist and have equal rights

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2
Q

Sex

A

Refers to the inevitable, natural and unalterable biological differences between men and women

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3
Q

Gender

A

Artificial construct designed to subordinate women by defining behaviours or characteristics women should aspire to have

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4
Q

Who are the key feminist thinkers?

A
  1. Charlotte Perkins Gilman
  2. Simone de Beauviour
  3. Kate Millet
  4. Sheila Rowbotham
  5. bell hooks
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5
Q

What strand of feminism does Charlotte Perkins Gilman belong to?

A

Liberal Feminist

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6
Q

What are Charlotte Perkin Gillman’s views on sex and gender?

A
  • She argues against ‘Darwinism’
  • She said that the biological differences between men and women are irrelevant and there is no reason why women shouldn’t play an equal role in modern economies - As women have equal brain power to men
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7
Q

What type of feminist is Betty Friedan?

A

Liberal feminist

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8
Q

What are Betty Friedan’s views on sex and gender?

A
  • She accepted the significance of sex differences between men and women
  • However, she believed that gender is an artificial construct designed to prepetuate the patriarchy
  • She believed that the inferiority of women is learned behaviour that is rooted in the history of civilisations
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9
Q

Betty Friedan believed that the inferiority of women is learned behaviour that is deep-rooted into society. However, she believes this is reinforced by modern institutions. Give an example.

A

Media

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10
Q

What do liberal feminists believe is the solution to achieve equality regarding sex and gender?

A
  • Reform
  • Including, legislation for equality as well as education
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11
Q

What do liberal feminists believe will occur if reform doesn’t occur?

A

A countinual cycle of male superiority will be passed down generations + Plus, the patriarchy will continue

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12
Q

What does it tell us if Perkins Gillman and Friedan disagree about sex, despite being apart of the same branch of feminism?

A
  • Shows the complex nature of the issue
  • Dispositional factors and individual experiences will be more important in formulating their views on this particular issue than the branch of feminism they associate themselves with
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13
Q

What type of feminist is Simone de Beauvoir?

A

Socialist feminist

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14
Q

What are Simone de Beauvoir’s views on sex and gender?

A
  • Societal gender norms are socialised and unnatural but appear in a way which seems natural
  • Second sex: ‘One is not born, but rather becomes a women’
  • This quote shows that Beauvoir believes that women are not inferior in society due to sex but rather gender, as one must become a women
  • Gender roles are assigned to women by patriarchy to make them a cheap source of labour
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15
Q

What type of feminist is Sheila Rowbotham?

A

Socialist feminist

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16
Q

What are Sheila Rowbotham’s beliefs about sex and gender?

A
  • Cohseive nature of patriarchy, capitalism and gender roles subordinate women
  • Therefore, she believed that during an economic slump, women would be let go first, as they are viewed as dispensable labour
17
Q

What do socialist feminist believe is the solution to achieving equality in regards to sex and gender?

A
  • Destruction of capitalism, or at least signifanct reform
  • They believe that women’s working conditions, pay and opportunites should be protected as they would be for men
  • Capitalist world must learn that women aren’t ‘second-class labour’
18
Q

What type of feminist is Kate Millet?

A

Radical feminist

19
Q

What are Kate Millet’s views on sex and gender?

A
  • Patriarchy is an artificial is an artificial system of gender roles, which has been prepetuated by the patriarchy
  • Radical feminists believe that gender inequality cannot be adressed through reform, but rather through sexual revolution
  • She believes that the only way that women can free themselves from oppression is by engaging in lesbian relationships
20
Q

What is an advantage of Kate Millet’s thoughts on sex and gender?

A

Kate Millet could be said to have a more complete view on sexism

21
Q

What did both Perkins Gillman and Beavouir agree about, despite being from different branches of feminism?

A

Biological differences between men and women should be irrelevant

22
Q

What do all feminists agree on regarding sex and gender?

A
  • All feminists agree that gender is the main cause of oppresion
  • They also believe that gender is prepetuated by the patriarchy
23
Q

Personal is political

A
  • Feminists argue that what goes on between men and women in the private sphere, (Ex: Household division of labour), is in fact related to the public sphere
  • Feminists specifically believe that the issues faced in the private sphere are designed to subordinate women
24
Q

What are liberal feminist views on the personal is political?

A
  • They advocate for the seperation of the public and private sphere.
  • They advocate for public legal equality, so that they can compete on equal terms
25
Q

What were Perkins Gilman’s views on the personal is political?

A
  • The nucleur family is a cause of opression
  • She argued that child rearing and housework amounted to domestic slavery
  • She believed that the traditional nucleur family should be abolished and that men and women should share these roles
26
Q

What do radical feminists believe in regards to the personal is political?

A
  • Feminists like Hanisch and Firestone do not recognise the distinction between the public and private spheres, as for them everything is political
  • By this, they mean that there is a reflection of the power men have over women in both the private and public sphere
  • Ex: If a woman is kept at home, child rearing, that is not a private matter, but a result of the patriarchy
27
Q

What does Kate Millet believe about the personal is political?

A
  • She agrees with other radical feminists and views the nucleur family as being a key area of women oppresion as it prepetuates gender stereotypes and the patriarchy
  • She is concerned with reaching equality in family life in terms of expectations and responsibilities
28
Q

What are Shiela Rowbotham’s views regarding the personal is political?

A
  • Roots of oppersion lies within the personal relationships between men and women
  • Public and private sphere are linked, therefore the personal is political
29
Q

How do socialist feminists believe the issue of the personal is political should be solved?

A
  • Dismantilation of the patriarchy
  • Socialist feminists also argue that equal rights is meaningless unless they achieve an equal social and economic status
30
Q

Equality of opportunity

A

Refers to the fact that men and women should be equal in the fields relating to education and employment

31
Q

What do feminists agree on, in regards to the economy?

A
  • Women are often used as a cheap, part-time and sipensible source of labour
  • Women are used as unpaid labour in the home, making them a forced component of the informal economy
  • Women tend to be paid lower wages for completing the same job, (pay gap)
  • More senior jobs at firms tend to be reserved for men, meaning their is a ‘glass ceiling’ - Denied equality of opportunity
  • Patriarchy is an artificial construct designed to subordinate women
32
Q

What are Perkins Gilman’s views on the economy?

A
  • Biological differences should not stop women from playing a role in modern economies, as they have = brain power
  • ‘Women are factors in an economy. But so are horses.’
  • This shows that women feel undervalued in the economy, due to the prepetuation of the patriarchy
  • Women being subordinated is what has enabled men to dominate the outside economic world
33
Q

What are Rowbotham’s views on the economy?

A
  • Cohesion of capitalism and the patriarchy subordinate’s women and makes them less valuable to modern economies
  • Because of this, women have become a source of cheap labour
  • They have also become a reserve army of labour that are dispensible
34
Q

What are Simone de Beauvoir’s views on the economy?

A

Men’s domination of economic life restricts the choices and opportunities open for women

35
Q

What are bell hooks’ views on the economy?

A
  • Women in poverty have problems that middle-class women don’t have
  • The problems for women in the economy aren’t just about gender
  • She believes that the liberation of the poor is an economic and social issue
36
Q

Otherness

A

Position of women in a patriarchal society, (treated as inferior individuals to men)

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