Feminism Flashcards
What did bell hooks say about the feminist movement?
- not gone far enough
- Mainstream feminist discussions were primarily focused on white middle class women and neglect ethnicity, age, and class variations.
- The patriarchy is very influential in the developing world with forced marriage and FGM.
- It sees women as a homogeneous group.
How do liberal feminists view the patriarchy?
- Focus on its impact in the public sphere. Shouldn’t intervene in private lives as that’s taking away a woman’s choice.
- Agree with gradual change, and that the patriarchy will be abolished through our current political system.
Who says ‘the personal is political’?
Hanisch
Why does ‘the personal is political’ mean ?
Relationships are based on power. Part of a larger system.
What do radical feminists believe about the patriarchy?
- Peoples’ consciousness has been invaded by the patriarchy meaning it works on a psychological basis.
- The patriarchy is present in both public and private spheres, so both must change.
What do socialist feminists focus on?
Patriarchy and capitalism oppress women. Need a revolution.
Who talks about women being the reserved army of labour?
Rowbotham
Define androgynous
Gender neutrality
What do equality feminists believe?
- The elimination of cultural differences are needed for true equality. Believe fundamental nature of men and women are the same.
- Nurture of society will become androgynous.
What do difference feminists believe?
- Women are both biologically and culturally different from men.
- Differences should be celebrated as that’s how liberation will be achieved.
- Advocate essentialism and a ‘women identified’ society.
What does Gilman say about gender roles?
- They are created by society to hamper the progress of women.
- They are constructed from a young age and children should play with gender neutral toys.
- Women have to break gender roles to achieve economic parity with men.
What is Gilmans view of the economy?
- Young girls are forced to conform to domestic life through societal pressure.
- There’s no reason why women should have equal opportunities in workplace and an equal role in modern economics.
- State must provide more opportunities.
What does Beauvoir discuss?
- Her book ‘The Second Sex’ states ‘one is not born, but becomes a woman’.
- Wrote about the sense of otherness, and how men are perceived as the norm.
- Society keeps women subordinate by reproducing ideal gender stereotypes. She attacks gender roles.
What does Millett propose?
A sexual revolution, end to monogamous marriage and the traditional family.
What does Millett discuss?
- In her book called ‘Sexual Politics’, she discusses how gender differences have a ‘cultural rather than biological basis’.
- Gender is what culture deems as appropriate, and it’s based on the needs and values of the dominant group.
- women learn to be ‘passive and docile’ for men.
- We should outlaw pornography, and harsher punishment for sexual assault.
- Heterosexual relationships are political in a patriarchy. Women should live separately.
- Calls for a ‘sexual revolution’.
