Feminism

Question 1

What characteristics first wave feminism

Answer 1

19th and 20th century mainly focused on gaining equal legal rights for women - influenced by Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 2

What characterises second wave feminine?

Answer 2

1960s and 70s started to focus on social issues also took their inspiration from liberal ideas - Betty Friedan

Question 3

What do liberals believe is the basis for gender equality?

Answer 3

ethical individualism - individuals come first so should be judged by talents not sex
foundational equality - women should have exactly the same tights and freedoms as men

Question 4

What are the three core liberal feminist beliefs

Answer 4

legal eqaitu for all
political equality for all
equality of opportunity

Question 5

Why are liberal feminists reformists?

Answer 5

they seek to change society gradually and peacefully

Question 6

What do liberal feminists think the role of the state is and isn’t?

Answer 6

is;
the state should open up equal opportunities to access the public sphere
remove legal obstacles
actively ban employers from discrimination on the basis of sex

isn’t:
interfere in male-female relationships in the private sphere

Question 7

What do Orthodox Marxists feminists believe?

Answer 7

capitalism impresses women
- unpaid reproductive labour
- economic power imbalance

women used as a prop to capitalism
- reproduce work force
- reserve army of labour
- gives husbands a high starys

Question 8

What is the solution marxist feminist propose?

Answer 8

unite with working class men to overthrow capitalism and in a communist society patriarchy will disappear

Question 9

What do Modern marxist feminist say?

Answer 9

abolishing capitalism isn’t enough to end patriarchy - soviet union
capitalism and patriarchy are distinct but interlocking sources of oppression

Question 10

What do social democratic feminists say?

Answer 10

do not aim to abolish capitalism
the state should helps to liberate women by kk him state nurses and society sharing domestic tasks
help more for women to get more economic equality

Question 11

What is radical feminists core belief?

Answer 11

the personal is the political
all aspects of a woman private life might be political

Question 12

What do radical feminist believe is the biggest problem

Answer 12

gender inequality
in all aspects of society

Question 13

What is difference feminism?

Answer 13

men and women are significantly difference from each other - women’s emancipation comes from when women embrace their differences instead of trying to be like men

Question 14

What are the key ideas of post modern feminism?

Answer 14

big differences between women - each women have different life experiences
women are affected by issues to do with ethnicity religion and class as well as gender
women’s oppression is a unique combination of many other fatigue as well as gender
each woman should define for herself what feminism means to her

Question 15

What do different feminist believe about the personal being political?

Answer 15

radical - all relationships in both spheres where one group of persons is controlled by another - male domination in the home is the basis for patriarchy everywhere
socialist - agree with radical as women’s domestic roles help to prop up capitalism
liberal - it is dangerous to politicise the private sphere and it should be that women should have access to the public sphere

Question 16

What does patriarchy mean

Answer 16

rule by father or male dominance

Question 17

What do feminist believe about patriarchy?

Answer 17

radical - society is characterised by gender oppression which is systematic institutionalised and pervasive - it begins in the home where women are confounded to gender roles
socialist - agree with radical but patriarchy is a secondary issues caused by capitalism as patriarchy will be ended after this
liberal - does not use the term because of its connotations about family structure

Question 18

What do most feminist believe about sex and gender?

Answer 18

sex and gender are too different things
sex is biological while gender is socially constructed
any sex differences are so minor they should have no social significance- human nature should be thought of as politically androgynous

Question 19

What do all types of feminists believe about sex and gender

Answer 19

liberal - should be up to the individual to make their own life choices regardless of gender
socialist - traditional gender roles have been imposed on women by capitalism once these are abolished
radical - stressed the difference between the two gender roles are shaped through higher and are socially constructed
difference feminisms - disagree as there is a link between biology and social role

Question 20

What is equality feminism?

Answer 20

seek equality for men and women
biological differences between men and women should be politically and economically irrelevant

Question 21

what types of feminism are equality feminists

Answer 21

liberal
socialist
radical equality

Question 22

What do radical difference feminist say about sex and gender?

Answer 22

there are significant differences as women are more compassionate and men are more agressive

Question 23

what is essentialism?

Answer 23

the belief that biological sex differences lead to significant differences in the behaviour of men and women

Question 24

what did differences feminists say is dangerous about equality

Answer 24

they see being equal as a male identified mindset as though everything g men have and do is desirable
women should instead celebrate their differences

Question 25

What is political lesbianism

Answer 25

choosing to be a lesbian as relationships with men are always based on subordination

Question 26

what is cultural feminism?

Answer 26

urges the avoidance of the corrupting male political world and instead encouraging women to celebrate their art and shared edpwriences

Question 27

What does intersectionality mean?

Answer 27

coined by Kimberle Crenshaw
look at the inter play between factors including gender class and ethnicity

Question 28

what do postmodernists say are the three institutions that ignore intersectionality

Answer 28

the state - legislation can impact people differently
society - social attitudes may affects different groups of women differently
economy - the impact of the capitalist system on women varies by class

Question 29

What did Perkins Gilman say about the relationship at home

Answer 29

women have to depend on their sexuality and body in order to please their husbands which can often be dangerous for their mental health

Question 30

What does perkins gilman suggest to stop the socialisation of the young?

Answer 30

young boys and girls should have the same clothes toys and activities
women should work outside the home
communal homes should be built
state nurseries should be opened
cooking could be organised by society on a collective badid

Question 31

What does de Beauvoir famous quote mean

Answer 31

‘one is not born but rather becomes a woman’
women are socialised to be a woman which is a role socially constructed to be a wife servant

Question 32

What does de Beauvoir say is the solution?

Answer 32

women should take full part in what was historically thought as a man’s world
children rearing could be organised clllectively and domestic tasks should be shared equally

Question 33

What does de Beauvoir say about otherness

Answer 33

men were perceived as the norm and woman as the other - fundamentally different

Question 34

Why did de Beauvoir no longer see herself as a marxist feminist

Answer 34

women’s progress in communist countries in the 1970s was underwhelming

Question 35

Why did Millet say undoing traditional family was the key to revolution

Answer 35

patriarchy’s chief institutions is the family as it encourages its own members to conform and act as a unit in the government of the patriarchs state
chief contribution of the family in patriarchy is the socialisation of the young

Question 36

What did miller think there also needs to be a revolution in

Answer 36

portrayal of women in art and literature - patriarchal culture has produced writers and literary works that were degrading to women

Question 37

how did Rowbothan say women have helped capitalism

Answer 37

support through housework the current generation of workers
producing nurturing and educating the next generations of workers

Question 38

what are the family’s two main roles in capitalism
?

Answer 38

an instrument for discipline and subjecting women
a place where men took refuge from alienation under a capitalist economy and feel powerful within the hom

Question 39

what did rowbotham criticise about revolutions?

Answer 39

embraced women as comrades during the revolution but once it has succeed they put women back in their place