Feminism

Question 1

What is Essentialism and a tinker to go with it?

Answer 1

Argue biological differences are important and lead to distinct differences in their fundamental natures

Carol Gilligan: Bio differences affect the way men/ women think and there are specific male and female charateristics as eac sex as a specific nature

Question 2

What is existentialism and a thinker to go with it?

Answer 2

Gender roles are socially constructed to form stereotypes

Simmone De Beauvoir; Bio differences used by male dominated society as justification for gender roles and characterising men as the norm

One is not born, but rather becomes one

Question 3

What did Perkins Gilman say about upbringing?

Answer 3

From childhood girls forced into social constraint that prepares them for motherhood byu clothes/ toys
Socialised to think theyre naturally weaker

Question 4

Definition of patriarchy

Answer 4

System of gov designed for, and run in the interests of men wic creates institutionalised gender oppression against women

Question 5

3 ways the patriarchy is in society

Answer 5

Culture- media reinforces gender roles

Violence- domestic abuse ignored

Sexuality (GREER)- Encouraged to repress natural sexual desired, expected to be pure

Question 6

2 ways the patriarcy is in the Economy

Answer 6

Household work: discouraged from pursuing career outside of ome, complete majority of housework, conditioned to believe domesticity is destiny

Paid work: Pushed to supportive/ nurturing roles + Pay gap 10% less

Question 7

How is the patriarchy pervasive in the state?

Answer 7

Denied access to voting/ positions of power
Fewer female politicians due to working ours- have to look after kids
Discourage women from politics

Question 8

What do first wave liberal feminists believe? + thinkers

Answer 8

Legal equality would solve problems as representatives would take female issues into account

Taylor MIll: Women should have same right to vote and play a role in law making

Question 9

What do 2nd wave liberal feminists believe in?

Answer 9

Even with legal equality, still social expectation holding women back

Need to also challenge sexist attitudes and stereotypes (without law being applied to priv sphere)

Question 10

Who said the term ‘the problem with no name’ after women gained legal equality but still discriminated against?

Answer 10

Betty Friedan

Question 11

Whats thhe public sphere?

Answer 11

Visable area of society were relationships are public

Question 12

WHats the private spere?

Answer 12

Less visable area of lives centred on home life

Question 13

Radical feminists argument on the person is political + thinker

Answer 13

Kate Millet:
Patriarchy starts in the family, traps women in domestic work and recreated discrimination for the next generation
Family grants men ownersip over women and enhances idea of male superiority

Question 14

WHo said ‘The family is patriarchys chief institution?

Answer 14

Kate Millet

Question 15

Socialist feminist argument on the person is political + thinker

Answer 15

Unpaid labour by women necessary for capitalism to exist

Rowbotham: home is space for men to recover from alienation of capitalism

Question 16

LIberal argument for the person is political

Answer 16

Focus more on public sphere eg equal pay/ work conditions

Priv life is outside the remit of political analysis, make own choices

But some elements of priv spere politicised to increase freedom eg reproductive rights

Question 17

Whats equality feminism + thinker

Answer 17

Seek equality for men and women in society

De Beauvoir: Female characteristics are a myth to confine women, men and women are essentially the same

Question 18

Whats difference feminism

Answer 18

Bio differences do determine gender differences
Sexes are different yet equal, or even women have preferential characterisics

Question 19

Whats cultural feminsim

Answer 19

Seeks to challenge male dominance and promote womens values as superior

Question 20

Mary daly

Answer 20

We are biologically destined towards a patriarchhial system as it’s everywhere across the world

Question 21

Whats intersectionality?

Answer 21

Women have multiple, overlapping identities as well as gender whic creates a difference experience of the patriarchy

Question 22

Key intersectionalist thinkers

Answer 22

Belle hooks- BAME women experience patriarchy differently from white m/c
Feminism up to a point as ignored issues of BAME women
Black women told to minimise blackness to focus on women

Crenshaw- black women impacted by bot sexism AND Racism

Question 23

What do all radical fems agree on

Answer 23

Propose destruction of patriarchial society
Revolutionary outlook
Stress importance of female consciousness in criteque of patriarchy

Question 24

4 key radical thinkers

Answer 24

Kate millet- abolis nucleur family

Greer- sexual liberation

Firestone- eliminate biological role

Dworkin: Lesbian communiies to acieve true liberation from men

Question 25

What do socialist feminists overall think

Answer 25

Gender inequality stems from economics and capitalism creates the patriarchy

need to seek liberation from economic dependence