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Ideologies > Feminism > Flashcards

Feminism Flashcards

1
Q

How are the phases, or waves, of feminism characterised?

A

1) Equal rights - legal and political: voting, property, laws etc
2) Roles and expectations of genders, women’s sexuality, and the patriarchy
3) Challenging the white, middle-class form of feminism seen in 1 and 2
4) Media image online hostility and challenging sexualisation

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2
Q

What are the 6 categories of oppression of women?

A
  • Sexuality
  • Household
  • Paid work
  • State
  • Culture
  • Violence
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3
Q

How many women are killed each week in the UK by their current partner?

A

2

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4
Q

What fraction of women will suffer from domestic violence?

A

1/4

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5
Q

What impact has culture had on the expectations and roles of women, which is reinforced and promoted through the media?

A
  • Domestic roles
  • Body image
  • Sexualisation
  • Age
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6
Q

What are women taught to be embarrassed about?

A

Their bodies, their sexuality and their sexual satisfaction

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7
Q

Even when women manage to get in to positions of power what difficulty is faced?

A

The are incompatible with other ‘expected’ duties (domestic jobs)

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8
Q

What are women informally obstructed by when it comes to paid work?

A

The idea of maternity and time off

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9
Q

What does staying at home leave the homemaker?

A

Financially dependent on the ‘breadwinner’

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10
Q

When was the equal pay amendment act passed?

A

1985

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11
Q

What is Sex?

A

Biological distinction between male and female
Body shape, size, body fat percentage
Sexual and reproductive organs

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12
Q

What is Gender?

A

Character - what they are like
Women: Sensitive, emotional, nurturing, unselfish
Men: Logical, confident, physical, responsible

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13
Q

What is Feminism?

A

Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that societies prioritize the male point of view, and that women are treated unjustly within those societies.

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14
Q

What is Difference Feminism?

A

Represents a broad spectrum of feminisms that emphasise differences between women and men. This approach arose in the 1980s and 1990s in efforts to revalue qualities traditionally devalued as “feminine”—such as subjectivity, caring, feeling, or empathy.

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15
Q

Name a few organisations that promote feminism?

A

HeForShe

Metoo

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16
Q

What is the 1st wave feminism?

A
  • Legal and political equality
  • Suffrage movement
  • Charlotte Perkins Gilman
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17
Q

What is 2nd wave feminism?

A
  • Sexual revolution
  • Civil Rights Act
  • Simone de Beauvoir
  • Kate Millet
  • Sheila Rowbotham
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18
Q

What is 3rd wave feminism?

A
  • Freedom of choice
  • Post-modern feminism
  • bell hooks
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19
Q

What is 4th wave feminism?

A
  • Social media
  • # metoo
  • Opposition to sexual harassment
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20
Q

What are Liberal-feminists views on sex and gender?

A
  • Accept significance of sex
  • Gender difference seen as artificial construct
  • Reform of cultural institutions
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21
Q

What are Radical-feminists views on sex and gender?

A
  • Differences are deep rooted
  • Differences are all pervading
  • Differences exist in all aspects of life
  • Cultural revolution needed
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22
Q

What are socialist-feminists views on sex and gender?

A
  • Inferior status of women part of capitalism
  • Women are oppressed in class
  • Women assigned inferior status so they become cheap source of labour
  • Equal working conditions, equal pay
  • Reserve army of labour
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23
Q

What is Gilman’s ANALYSIS OF THE PLACE OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY?

A

Does domestic work, unpaid and satisfies sexual needs of husband for financial support. This leaves them underdeveloped

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24
Q

What is Beauvoir’s ANALYSIS OF THE PLACE OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY?

A

Women are defined by their ‘otherness’. They are different from, and defined in terms of, men

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25
Q

What is Millet’s ANALYSIS OF THE PLACE OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY?

A

Women are portrayed in culture as men want them to be - objects to desire of chase or save. Women are kept under the patriarchy’s control

26
Q

What is Rowbotham’s ANALYSIS OF THE PLACE OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY?

A

Women are doubly oppressed by capitalism. They are forced to sell their labour to survive and are forced to use their labour to support their husband and children. They work (sometimes) but also work unpaid in the home to allow the men to go out and be exploited

27
Q

What is bell hooks’ ANALYSIS OF THE PLACE OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY?

A

Women are oppressed.But black women are super oppressed. It’s not just the white, middle-class thing

28
Q

What is Gilman’s view on SOCIALISATION AND GENDER ROLES?

A

gender stereotyping childhood is wrong and little boys and girls should not wear different clothes, play with different toys, do different activities or be pushed into different roles

29
Q

What is Beauvoir’s view on SOCIALISATION AND GENDER ROLES?

A

Society moulds (or socialises) women into their behaviour. According to Beauvoir, ‘one is not born, but rather becomes a women’. This ‘otherness’ is internalised by women as they grow up

30
Q

What is Millet’s view on SOCIALISATION AND GENDER ROLES?

A

The family teaches children their roles: men to ‘be themselves’, women to be subservient (prepare to obey). These roles are internalised and formalised by wider society (schools, friends, media etc)

31
Q

What is Rowbotham’s view on SOCIALISATION AND GENDER ROLES?

A

Reject and seek to eradicate gender stereotypes, which are required by capitalism as it needs women to do free domestic work and fulfil functions

32
Q

What is bell hooks’ view on SOCIALISATION AND GENDER ROLES?

A

Children are forced into unnatural gender boxes. Ideas of whorish impurity passed to black women in the US, even as they endured slavery. This made them a lower status than anyone else

33
Q

What is Gilman’s view on FAMILY?

A

Old ideas about what’s a family unit should be, are out of date. We don’t need the women to stay at home and be financially dependent on the man

34
Q

What is Beauvoir’s view on FAMILY?

A

It is in families that the work of creating expectations and impressions of men and women is done. The feminine mystique (the allure of women that men can’t understand)

35
Q

What is Milett’s view on FAMILY?

A

The family and other influences work together to reinforce patriarchal values teaching girls their roles. People like family so it is rarely challenged

36
Q

What is Rowbotham’s view on FAMILY?

A

The family is a place where men take refuge from alienation in the capitalist economy. Women are oppressed economically and culturally

37
Q

What is bell hooks’ view on FAMILY?

A

Relationships are between men taught to hide feelings and focus on sex, and women taught to please everyone. In such a situation, no relationship can be equal

38
Q

What is Gilman’s view on ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE AND EMPLOYMENT?

A

When is dependency on their husbands the money is at the heart of their position

39
Q

What is Beauvoir’s view on ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE AND EMPLOYMENT?

A

Women can move on from being secondary to men (work in other places) when they realise the situation and decide to act

40
Q

What is Millet’s view on ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE AND EMPLOYMENT?

A

We were not taught, by the family, to accept the role of giving up careers paid work is the desirable outcome. Trapped in monogamous, male dominated relationships, independence is impossible

41
Q

What is Rowbotham’s view on ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE AND EMPLOYMENT?

A

Capitalism is exploiting everyone and should be overthrown… But you need a simultaneous feminist revolution to avoid falling back to old ideas

42
Q

What is bell hooks’ view on ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE AND EMPLOYMENT?

A

Black women are accused of emasculating men by having any kind of jobs they can get. Independence can only come when I press minorities work together- why strive for woman’s equality when your black man are also treated unequally?

43
Q

What is Gilman’s ‘thing’?

A

Economic independence we can all be free to reach out potential.Professionalise domestic work

44
Q

What is Beauvoir’s ‘thing’?

A

‘Otherness’ Men are the norm and women of the ‘other’. Women have accepted this and therefore their subordinate position in society

45
Q

What is Millet’s ‘thing’?

A

Literature- Patriarchal culture has produced writers and literature that degrade women. The language used, describe sex demonstrates the subjugation of women and women are commodities, silenced by the freedom of men to sexually possess them

46
Q

What is Rowbotham’s ‘thing’?

A

Capitalism. The oppression of women predates capitalism so it cannot have created patriarchy. Sexism and capitalism are closely linked and a ‘revolution within the revolution’ is needed to eradicate both

47
Q

What is bell hooks’ ‘thing’?

A

Intersectionality. Mainstream radical feminism ignore someone’s different cultural and class experiences

48
Q

What type of feminist is Gilman?

A

Liberal feminist

49
Q

What type of feminist is Beauvoir?

A

Radical feminist

50
Q

What type of feminist is Millet?

A

Radical feminist

51
Q

What type of feminist is Rowbotham?

A

Socialist feminist

52
Q

What type of feminist is bell hooks?

A

Post-modern feminist

53
Q

Liberal Feminist response to the patriarchy?

A

Most concerned about the distribution of rights and their goal to achieve greater political power from women in the patriarchal system

54
Q

Radical Feminist response to the patriarchy?

A

Argue patriarchy operates in all areas of society, culture and the personal sphere must be overthrown

55
Q

Socialist Feminist response to the patriarchy?

A

Patriarchy revolves around capitalism and class inequality

56
Q

Liberal Feminists views on the STATE?

A

Has a key role in promoting and legislating for gender equality

57
Q

Radical Feminist views on the STATE?

A

Argue that the liberals view on the state is insufficient alone in overthrowing patriarchy, and the state has a role to play in eradicating patriarchy in the public and private spheres

State promotes patriarchy

58
Q

Post-Modern thinkers view on the STATE?

A

See the modern state as a legacy of white imperialist rule

59
Q

How do Socialist Feminist view the STATE?

A

See it as a part of an exploitative capitalist system and working in the interest of the patriarchy

60
Q

What is INTERSECTIONALITY?

A

Aims to separate from white feminism by acknowledging women’s different experiences and identities

61
Q

Liberal Feminists focus on the public sphere whereas radical feminists focus on the…

A

…private sphere

Ideologies (3 decks)

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