Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction, Development and Ageing > Female Tract, Oogenesis and Endocrine Control > Flashcards

Female Tract, Oogenesis and Endocrine Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is oogenesis

A

What process by which oogonia develop and from mature oocytes.`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primordial germ cells in the ____ ___, migrate to the ____ ____ at about _ weeks gestation. These oogonia start to divide (mitosis) and then get to _____ of ____ 1

A

Primordial germ cells in the yolk sac, which migrate to the gonadal ridge at about 6 weeks gestation. These oogonia start to divide (mitosis) and then get to prophase of meiosis 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Formation of oocytes before puberty and meiosis

A

Meiosis begins in the developing ovary following mitosis of oogonia. This arrests at the end of prophase 1 (Just prior to metaphase). Now called (primary) oocytes. (primordial follicles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Overview of the follicular phase, and how many follicles of each type develop

NB __ days from activation to antrum formation

A

Primordial: present 12-50 years after the arrested state. Millions
Primary: 30-50 advance, 2-3 months gestation
Secondary: 15-20, 2 weeks rapid growth. Loss of these by atresia
Tertiary/Graafian: 1-2 of them

85

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primordial follicles: anatomy

A

Primary oocytes, single layer of flattened granulosa cells. Then outer stromal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary follicle

A

Primary oocyte, cuboidal granulosa cells around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secondary follicle
Granulosa cells do what under the influence of what?
Theca cells?

A

Primary oocyte surrounded by multilayered cuboidal granulosa cells. These express FSH receptors

Granulosa cells, under FSH influence produce: oestrogen, inhibin, AMH

Theca cells express LH receptors, to produce androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the steroid pathway and why is it important?

A

Progesterones make androgens which make oestrogen

Need androgens to make oestrogen

So androgens made by theca cells goes into granulosa cells to make oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SMALL tertiary follicle

A

Characterised by the presence of an antrum, containing follicular fluid
Also theca interna and externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the zona pellucida and what are its constituents. What is it for?

A

Protein membrane surrounding oocyte madecof ZP-1 2 and 3

ZP-1 introduced when it is primordial. ZP-2 and 3 during activation

Filtering normal sperm and polyspermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tertiary/ Graafian follicle

A

Large antrum, with area of granulosa cells where oocyte is budding into the antrum called cumulus oophorus. Also a secondary oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What part of the follicular phase in gonadotrophin independent and role of AMH

A

Up to where secondary follicles are formed, independent of FSH and LH. Only tertiarly follicles gonadotrophin dependent

AMH stops primordial to primary follicle formation

AMH is produced by granulosa cells, so level of AMH is an average way to know follicular reserve. If it i high, likely more follicles there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is the corpus luteum formed?

A

Following ovulation, the leftover granulosa and theca cells from the mature follicle are /lutenised’ and form the corpus luteum. Produces progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Key features of the menstrual cycle (follicular and luteal phases; proliferative and secretory phases too) DRAW OUT

___and ___ are produced, ___ rises.
This causes increase in ____ production. Negative feedback from _____ stops ___ and ___ release.

Day __, sustained, and very high ___ causes positive feedback, causing an __ surge. This causes ovulation (12-13)

______ production from corpus luteum in the ___ phase

A

Start of the ovarian cycle is menstruation.
FSH and LH are produced, FSH rises.
This causes increase in oestrogen production. Negative feedback from oestrogen stops FSH and LH release.

Day 10, sustained, and very high oestrogen causes positive feedback, causing an LH surge. This causes ovulation (12-13)

Progesterone production from corpus luteum in the luteal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Role of of inhibin and when it surges.

A

At about ovulation, and then in the luteal phase, produced by granulosa cells. Stops FSH from being released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does progesterone do to body temp?

A

Increases basal body temperature

17
Q

What can be said about menstrual cycle length (400 cycles)?

Differences between follicular and luteal phase

A

Varies a lot. Decreases with age and varies most when young and when older. Stale at mid point.

Follicular phase is more longer and more variable in length (17.6 +-4) than the more constant luteal phase (12.7 +-1.7)

18
Q

Fallopian tube divisions; structure; epithelium

A

Infundibulum with fimbriae; Ampulla (wide); Isthmus

Epithelial layer, muscular (IC,OL), serosal

Epithelium: ciliated and secretory. Respond to steroids

19
Q

Effect of E2 and P4 on FT’s

A

E2: Promote cilia movement, secretion and increase of muscular

P4: Decrease in muscular activity, decrease in cilia (increased frequency) and decreased secretions

20
Q

The uterus is about __cm long.

During pregnancy, a change in physiology accommodates _L of _____, _____ and _____.

A

The uterus is about 7.5cm long.

During pregnancy, a change in physiology accomodates 5L of amniotic fluid, baby and placenta.

21
Q

Uterine layers. Functions

NB decidua endometrium is the tissue lost during menstruation. Functional layer

A

Perimetrium(serosa)

Myometrium: Bulk of tissue. Unchanged during menstrual cycle. Forceful expulsion of foetus in parturition

Endometrium: Two layers. Basal and fuctional (glands and simple columnar epi.). Functional layer is the part that grows due to hormones

22
Q

How the stratum functionalis changes in reference to the menstrual cycle

____ (__-__ days) the stratum is falling. __ is rising, oestrogen not rising much.

Proliferative phase. (days -) ____are high, eventually causes LH surge. Oestrogen causes proliferation. Glands are ____.

____: Day 14 on. Progesterone and___ high (secreted by _____ ___). Lining maintained. Glands ____

A

Menses (5-7 days) the stratum is falling. FSH is rising, oestrogen not rising much.

Proliferative phase. (days 7-14) Oestrogens are high, eventually causes LH surge. Oestrogen causes proliferation. Glands are circular.

Secretory: Day 14 on. Progesterone and inhibin high (secreted by corpus luteum). Lining maintained. Gland torturous

23
Q

What is the decidual reaction

A

In preparation for implantation, the endometrial stroma becomes oedamatous, fibroblasts enlarge and secrete glycogen. Occurs every menstrual cycle

24
Q

Uterine blood supply

theory on vessel coiling

A

Uterine artery to arcuate arteries. These to radial arteries then spiral arteries and basal arteries (in basal layer)

These spiral arteries, the terminal ends are lost with the functional layer. Thought that they spasm, closing themselves off. They grow during proliferative phase

Vessel coiling maybe due to fact that when uterus stretches, to accommodate tissue expansion

25
Q

NB Lab.
Endometrial dates

Gland mitoses:
Tortuorsity: 
Basal vacuolation:
secretion: 
stromal oedema:
decidual reaction: 
stromal mitoses: 
Leuckocyte infiltration:
A

Gland mitoses: proliferative
Tortuorsity: secretory
Basal vacuolation: Post ovulation, right after glands have secreted things.
secretion: secretory
stromal oedema: Follows oestrogen, so prolif. and secretory
decidual reaction: before menses
stromal mitoses: proliferative phase, some secretory
Leuckocyte infiltration: around menses

26
Q

Role of estrogen and the uterus

A 
Cell proliferation (epi. and stromal)
Stromal oedema
Serous secretions
myometrial activity.
synthesis of intracellular P4 receptors
27
Q

Role of progesterone on uterus

A

Thick glandular secretions
stromal proliferation
decidual reaction
inhibits myometrial activity

28
Q

Endometriosis

A

Endometrium outside the uterus. Causes thought to eb retrograde menarche, lymphatic movement or stem cells outside.

Associated w infertility and chronic pelvic pain

29
Q

Two parts of the cevix. There is a junctional zone in some people (where HPV and cervical cancers are located)

A

Endocervix: Columnar epi. , glands and crypts, fibrous stroma, few SM cells

Ectocervix: stratified squamous epi.

30
Q

How does cervical mucous change throughout a menstrual cycle

How do the hormone profiles coincide

A

Viscosity: Starts high, and dips at mid cycle, then goes to quite high again
Volume starts lower and peaks mid cycle, then goes back donw
Threadability: Peaks mid cycle with the clear watery mucous

Estrogen causes watery, threadable(spinnbarkeit) mucous at mid cycle. Passage for sperm to travel through

Progesterone (second half) causes mucous to be cross linked, no sperm passage

Reproduction, Development and Ageing (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions