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Genitourinary system > Female reproductive tract > Flashcards

Female reproductive tract Flashcards

1
Q

How are reproductive and urinary tracts related?

A

Developmentally closely related

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2
Q

Homologous

A

The fact that components of the genital tract have male and female equivalents, e.g. penis and clitoris

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3
Q

Climacteric phase

A

Transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive period during a woman’s life: 2/8 years before & after menopause

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4
Q

During which 3 phases does the female genital tract undergo major changes?

A
  1. Puberty
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Climacteric phase
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5
Q

What are the three components of the upper female genital tracts?

A
  1. Ovaries
  2. Cervix
  3. Uterus
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6
Q

What are the three components of the lower female genital tracts?

A
  1. Vagina
  2. Clitoris
  3. Labia minora and majora
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7
Q

Size and shape of the uterus?

A

A pear

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8
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A
  • accepts the fertilised egg (ovum)
  • implants the fertilised egg into the endometrium
  • nurtures and grows the fertilised ovum that then develops into the foetus
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9
Q

What are the two main subdivisions of the uterus?

A
  1. Fundus

2. Body

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10
Q

What is the internal os?

A

Opening into the uterus

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11
Q

What is the external os?

A

Opening into the vagina

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12
Q

What is meant by version of the uterus?

A

Angle of the cervix to the vagina: displacement of the organ forwards and backwards

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13
Q

What is meant by flexion of the uterus?

A

Angle of the uterus to the cervix: bending back on itself

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14
Q

What are the main relations to the uterus?

A
  • bladder
  • uterus
  • rectum
  • vagina
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15
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Flat sheet of peritoneum, associated with uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries

  • extends from the lateral pelvic walls on both sides
  • folds over the internal female genitalia, covering the surfaces anteriorly and posteriorly
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16
Q

Why will the ovaries appear very small in the cadaver?

A

Graafan follicles are bulges in the sides of the ovaries

(probably wont be present in the cadaver as these disappear post-menopause_

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17
Q

What is the ovarian ligament?

A

Connects the ovary to the lateral side of the uterus

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18
Q

What is the suspensory ligament?

A

Connects the ovary to the anterior abdominal wall superiorly (ovarian artery and vein pass over it)

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19
Q

Round ligament

A

Remnant of gubernaculum extending from the uterine horns to the labia majora via the inguinal canal
- maintains the anteverted position of the uterus

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20
Q

Cardinal ligament

A
  • Located at the base of the broad ligament
  • Extends from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls
  • Contains the uterine artery and vein, in addition to providing support from the uterus
21
Q

Uterosacral ligament

A

Extends from the cervix to the sacrum

- provides support to the uterus

22
Q

What is the meso-ovarium?

A

portion of the broad ligament that suspends the ovaries

23
Q

What is the meso-salpinx?

A

portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the ovary to the uterine tubes

24
Q

Blood supply to the uterus

A

Uterine artery

25
Q

From which artery does the uterine artery arise?

A

Internal iliac artery

26
Q

Surgically, which important structure is important in relation to the uterine artery?

A

HYSTERECTOMY (removal of the uterus):

  • clamping the uterine artery to prevent blood loss
  • the uterine artery passes over the ureter (1 cm lateral to the internal os) so must avoid clamping the ureter
27
Q

What are the 4 parts of the uterine tube?

A
  1. Fimbrae
  2. Infundibulum
  3. Ampulla
  4. Isthmus
28
Q

What occurs at the fimbral ends during ovulation?

A

The fimbral ends engulf the ovary

29
Q

Life threatening condition associated with the uterine tubes

A

Ectopic pregnancy

30
Q

Where do the ovaries arise and descend?

A

Developmentally arise retro-peritoneally on the posterior abdominal wall and then descend up to pelvic brim

31
Q

Where does the ovarian blood supply come from?

A

Abdominal aorta

32
Q

Where do the ovarian veins drain to?

A

left ovarian vein -> left renal vein

right ovarian vein -> inferior vena cava

33
Q

What is the vagina capable of and why?

A

Capable of expansion because it is a fibre-muscular tube

34
Q

How long is the vagina?

A

3-4 inches long

35
Q

What are the vaginal fornices?

A

Recesses between the vagina and cervix

36
Q

What is the relationship between the posterior fornix with the lower part of the abdominal cavity?

A

Fluid from infections can drain here: Pouch Of Douglas

37
Q

Where are the pelvic organs confined?

A

Confined to the pelvic cavity and are not palpable per abdomen

38
Q

What is the mons pubis?

A

The rounded mass of fatty tissue lying over the joint of the pubic bones

39
Q

What is the labia majora?

A

two marked folds of skin that extend from the mons pubis downward and backward to merge with the skin of the perineum

40
Q

What is the prepuce of the clitoris?

A

inner folds of the vulva form a hood of skin called the prepuce or the hood of the clitoris

41
Q

What is the glans of the clitoris?

A

Head of the clitoris

42
Q

What is the frenulum of the clitoris?

A

Line down the middle of clitoris

43
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

The clitoris is the pleasure center of the vulva

44
Q

What is the labia minora?

A

two small folds of skin, lacking fatty tissue, that extend backward on each side of the opening into the vagina

45
Q

What is the vestible?

A

the vaginal opening is called the vestibule of the vagina

46
Q

What is the urethral meatus?

A

Opening of the urethra

47
Q

What is the hymen?

A

The hymen is a thin piece of mucosal tissue that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening

48
Q

What is the Introitus?

A

The vaginal introitus is the opening that leads to the vaginal canal.

Genitourinary system (3 decks)

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