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Female reproductive tract Flashcards

1
Q

How are reproductive and urinary tracts related?

A

Developmentally closely related

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2
Q

Homologous

A

The fact that components of the genital tract have male and female equivalents, e.g. penis and clitoris

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3
Q

Climacteric phase

A

Transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive period during a woman’s life: 2/8 years before & after menopause

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4
Q

During which 3 phases does the female genital tract undergo major changes?

A
  1. Puberty
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Climacteric phase
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5
Q

What are the three components of the upper female genital tracts?

A
  1. Ovaries
  2. Cervix
  3. Uterus
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6
Q

What are the three components of the lower female genital tracts?

A
  1. Vagina
  2. Clitoris
  3. Labia minora and majora
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7
Q

Size and shape of the uterus?

A

A pear

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8
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A
  • accepts the fertilised egg (ovum)
  • implants the fertilised egg into the endometrium
  • nurtures and grows the fertilised ovum that then develops into the foetus
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9
Q

What are the two main subdivisions of the uterus?

A
  1. Fundus

2. Body

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10
Q

What is the internal os?

A

Opening into the uterus

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11
Q

What is the external os?

A

Opening into the vagina

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12
Q

What is meant by version of the uterus?

A

Angle of the cervix to the vagina: displacement of the organ forwards and backwards

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13
Q

What is meant by flexion of the uterus?

A

Angle of the uterus to the cervix: bending back on itself

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14
Q

What are the main relations to the uterus?

A
  • bladder
  • uterus
  • rectum
  • vagina
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15
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Flat sheet of peritoneum, associated with uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries

  • extends from the lateral pelvic walls on both sides
  • folds over the internal female genitalia, covering the surfaces anteriorly and posteriorly
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16
Q

Why will the ovaries appear very small in the cadaver?

A

Graafan follicles are bulges in the sides of the ovaries

(probably wont be present in the cadaver as these disappear post-menopause_

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17
Q

What is the ovarian ligament?

A

Connects the ovary to the lateral side of the uterus

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18
Q

What is the suspensory ligament?

A

Connects the ovary to the anterior abdominal wall superiorly (ovarian artery and vein pass over it)

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19
Q

Round ligament

A

Remnant of gubernaculum extending from the uterine horns to the labia majora via the inguinal canal
- maintains the anteverted position of the uterus

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20
Q

Cardinal ligament

A
  • Located at the base of the broad ligament
  • Extends from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls
  • Contains the uterine artery and vein, in addition to providing support from the uterus
21
Q

Uterosacral ligament

A

Extends from the cervix to the sacrum

- provides support to the uterus

22
Q

What is the meso-ovarium?

A

portion of the broad ligament that suspends the ovaries

23
Q

What is the meso-salpinx?

A

portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the ovary to the uterine tubes

24
Q

Blood supply to the uterus

A

Uterine artery

25
From which artery does the uterine artery arise?
Internal iliac artery
26
Surgically, which important structure is important in relation to the uterine artery?
HYSTERECTOMY (removal of the uterus): - clamping the uterine artery to prevent blood loss - the uterine artery passes over the ureter (1 cm lateral to the internal os) so must avoid clamping the ureter
27
What are the 4 parts of the uterine tube?
1. Fimbrae 2. Infundibulum 3. Ampulla 4. Isthmus
28
What occurs at the fimbral ends during ovulation?
The fimbral ends engulf the ovary
29
Life threatening condition associated with the uterine tubes
Ectopic pregnancy
30
Where do the ovaries arise and descend?
Developmentally arise retro-peritoneally on the posterior abdominal wall and then descend up to pelvic brim
31
Where does the ovarian blood supply come from?
Abdominal aorta
32
Where do the ovarian veins drain to?
left ovarian vein -> left renal vein | right ovarian vein -> inferior vena cava
33
What is the vagina capable of and why?
Capable of expansion because it is a fibre-muscular tube
34
How long is the vagina?
3-4 inches long
35
What are the vaginal fornices?
Recesses between the vagina and cervix
36
What is the relationship between the posterior fornix with the lower part of the abdominal cavity?
Fluid from infections can drain here: Pouch Of Douglas
37
Where are the pelvic organs confined?
Confined to the pelvic cavity and are not palpable per abdomen
38
What is the mons pubis?
The rounded mass of fatty tissue lying over the joint of the pubic bones
39
What is the labia majora?
two marked folds of skin that extend from the mons pubis downward and backward to merge with the skin of the perineum
40
What is the prepuce of the clitoris?
inner folds of the vulva form a hood of skin called the prepuce or the hood of the clitoris
41
What is the glans of the clitoris?
Head of the clitoris
42
What is the frenulum of the clitoris?
Line down the middle of clitoris
43
What is the clitoris?
The clitoris is the pleasure center of the vulva
44
What is the labia minora?
two small folds of skin, lacking fatty tissue, that extend backward on each side of the opening into the vagina
45
What is the vestible?
the vaginal opening is called the vestibule of the vagina
46
What is the urethral meatus?
Opening of the urethra
47
What is the hymen?
The hymen is a thin piece of mucosal tissue that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening
48
What is the Introitus?
The vaginal introitus is the opening that leads to the vaginal canal.

Genitourinary system (3 decks)

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