Female Reproductive System Pt. 1 Flashcards
What do the ovaries produce?
Eggs (oocytes) and ovaries
Which part of the Female Reproductive System transfers the egg?
Uterine
Where does fetal development occur?
The uterus
What is the Birth Canal
The vagina
What is the peritoneal membrane covering the ovary?
Germinal Epithelium
Explain Ovarian Follicles
Contain “oocyte” in various stages of development and secretes estrogen which helps in repair/growth of uterine tube, regulation of cycle, etc.
Give me the stages of Follicular Development from #1-#5 and explain
1) Primordial Follicle: single layer of squamous cells
2) Primary Follicle: layers of cuboidal granulosa cells (secrete estrogen)
3) Secondary Follicle: antral cavity forms
4) Graffian Follicle: where the follicle is MATURE and oocyte ovulates
5) Ovulation: Follicle ruptures= release of oocyte
What is it called when the follicle is mature and the oocyte ovulates
Graafian Follicle
Structures of the Ovum (where the sperm races too) (4)
1) Zona Pellucida: thick outer membrane for protection
2) Corona Radiata: vital protein to cell
3) Vitelline Membrane: Plasma Membrane of egg
4) Ooplasm: the cytoplasm
What is a Corpus Luteum?
- when the follicle is empty after ovulation
What does Corpus Luteum excreted
1) progesterone (completed lining of uterine)
2) estrogen (helps progesterone)
3) relaxin (relaxes uterine muscles)
4) inhibin (decreases secretion of fsh and lsh)
What is it called when the corpus luteum dies and is a white scare tissue
Corpus Albacians
What is Oogenesis
It’s is where the oogoinia turned to a oocyte. And where a oocyte turns into a ovum
What happens when full maturation occurs
Puberty (where gonadotrophin hormones occur)
What type of cells are oogonia?
Diploid cells but will turn into haploid cells (secondary oocyte) after meiosis 1
Explain the Oogenesis stages (6 steps)
Just look at reviewer if correct
Each month over 20 primary oocytes become secondary oocytes but only one survives to be ovulated in the
Graafian Follicle
Ovulation occurs in
Meiosis 2
What occurs when a sperm and zygote unite
A zygote
What is a Uterine
4 inch tubes that extend from ovaries to uterus
Parts of the Uterine (4)
1) Infundibulum
2) Fimbriae
3) Ampulla
4) Isthmus
1) Infundibulum
funnel shaped portion near ovaries
2) Fimbriae
Finger-like process
3) Ampulla
Center of the uterine/ commonly where fertilization occurs
4) Isthmus
Narrowest portion that connects/joins to the uterus
What are the 3 layers of the Uterine and explain what is Mucosa
1) Mucosa: (simple ciliated columnar epithelium) has cilia that moves the ovum or secondary oocyte torwards the Ovum
2) Muscularis
3) Serosa
What are Peg Cells?
Peg Cells secrete fluid to nourish/ provide nourishment to the Ovum
What are the 3 changes that occur when estrogen is released during menstruation in order to capture the egg?
1) the uterine moves closer to the ovaries
2) the Fimbriae ends beat more rapidly
3) the ciliated cells in Fimbriae increase of ciliation
First step to fertilization process
1) the ovum is picked up by the Fimbriae and is moved by the cilia
Sperm Journey and Travel
Explain and check reviewer
Approaching Ovulation
Check reviewer
Fertilization
Check reviewer
What is the enzyme that the sperm releases in order to penetrate/ poke through the outer layer (zona pellucida) of the Ovum?
Hyaluronidase
Zygote Formation
Check reviewer
Fertilization is most likely to occur if
-Intercourse happens 48 hours before ovulation and 24 hours after ovulation
- both sperm and the ovum can only survive 2-3 days
What are the part/ anatomy of the Uterus?
1) site of menstrual cycle and fetal development
2) fundus, body, isthmus and cervix
Layers/ Histology of Uterus
1) Endometrium (inner)
2) Myometrium (middle)
3) Perimetrium (outer)
1) Endometrium
- simple columnar epithelium w/ glands and connective tissue
- Functional layer: sheds of during menstruation
- Basal Layer: regenerates the functional layer every month
2) Myometrium
- has 3 layers w/ smooth muscle
3) Perimetrium
Visceral layer of the uterus
