Female reproductive system histology

Question 1

Which structures help guide the egg from the ovaries into the uterine tube?

Answer 1

Fimbriae

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 2

Follicular
Ovulation
Luteal

Question 3

Which days is the follicular phase?

Answer 3

Days 0-13

Question 4

Which day is ovulation?

Answer 4

Day 14

Question 5

Which days is the the luteal phase?

Answer 5

Days 15-28

Question 6

Which hormone that regulates the ovarian cycle is produced by the hypothalamus?

Answer 6

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 7

Which 2 hormones that regulate the ovarian cycle are produced by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 7

LH
FSH

Question 8

The ovulated (empty) follicle transforms into what?

Answer 8

Corpus luteum

Question 9

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the corpus luteum?

Answer 9

Progesterone

Question 10

What is the effect of progesterone on the endometrium (lining) of the uterus?

Answer 10

Causes it to thicken

Question 11

Which hormone preserves the corpus luteum in the event of pregnancy?

Answer 11

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 12

At which week of pregnancy does the corpus luteum degenerate?

Answer 12

9th week

Question 13

What does the corpus luteum degenerate into?

Answer 13

Corpus albicans

Question 14

Which hormone is primarily responsible for inducing ovulation?

Answer 14

LH

Question 15

Which phase of the cell growth cycle are primordial follicles suspended in?

Answer 15

Prophase

Question 16

What are the 4 regions of the uterine tube?

Answer 16

Interstitial
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum

Question 17

Which section of the uterine tube is the narrowest?

Answer 17

Isthmus

Question 18

In which section of the uterine tube does fertilisation usually occur?

Answer 18

Ampulla

Question 19

What is the epithelium of the uterine tube?

Answer 19

Ciliated simple columnar

Question 20

What is the main secretory cell of the uterine tube?

Answer 20

Peg cells

Question 21

What is the smooth muscle of the uterus called?

Answer 21

Myometrium

Question 22

During birth, strong contractions of the myometrium are reinforced by the action of which hormone?

Answer 22

Oxytocin

Question 23

Where is oxytocin released from?

Answer 23

Posterior pituitary

Question 24

What are leiomyomas (fibroids)?

Answer 24

Benign smooth muscle tumours on the myometrium

Question 25

What is the epithelium of the endometrial lining?

Answer 25

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Question 26

What are the 2 layers of the endometrium?

Answer 26

Stratum basale Stratum functionale

Question 27

What is the epithelium of the cervix?

Answer 27

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

Question 28

Where is the most likely site for cervical dysplasia / cancer?

Answer 28

Squamo-columnar junction

Question 29

What is the most common cause of cervical cancer?

Answer 29

HPV

Question 30

How is the growth of pathogenic microorganisms prevented in the vagina?

Answer 30

Cells secrete glycogen, which is metabolised by commensal bacteria to produce lactic acid

Question 31

What are the 3 stages of the uterine cycle?

Answer 31

Menstrual Proliferative Secretory

Question 32

Which cells secrete prolactin?

Answer 32

Lactotrophs

Question 33

Where are lactotrophs located?

Answer 33

Anterior pituitary

Question 34

What is the shape of the glands in breast tissue?

Answer 34

Branched tubulo-acinar

Question 35

In which layer of the uterus do fibroids occur?

Answer 35

Myometrium

Question 36

Which hormone released by the hypothalamus inhibits the release of prolactin?

Answer 36

Dopamine