Female Reproductive System & Breast Anatomy

Question 1

What are the two pouches formed by the parietal peritoneum in the female?

Answer 1

Vesico-uterine pouch

Recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas)

Question 2

What is the pouch formed by the parietal peritoneum in the male?

Answer 2

Recto-vesicle Pouch

Question 3

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 3

The lining of the abdominal cavity - forms a roof over pelvic organs.

Question 4

What are the two ligaments associated with the uterus?

Answer 4

Broad ligament

Round ligament

Question 5

What does the broad ligament do?

Answer 5

Maintains the uterus in the correct midline position.

Question 6

What does the round ligament do?

Answer 6

Passes through the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum.

Question 7

What is the broad ligament actually formed by?

Answer 7

Double layer of peritoneum.

Question 8

What embryological remnant forms the round ligament?

Answer 8

Gubernaculum

Question 9

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 9

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

Question 10

What is found within the myometrium?

Answer 10

Thick muscular layer containing neurovasculature and lymphatics.

Question 11

What is the name of the opening in the cervix?

Answer 11

Os

Question 12

What is the ligament anchoring the uterus to the sacrum?

Answer 12

Uterosacral ligament

Question 13

What is the name of the dark line in the centre of the uterosacral ligament?

Answer 13

Transverse Cervical Ligament

Question 14

What is meant by ‘anteVerted’ and ‘retroVerted’?

Answer 14

The Cervic is tipped anteriorly or posterior relative to the axis of the vagina.

Question 15

What is the axis of the vagina?

Answer 15

Straight line between external and internal vagina

Question 16

What is the axis of the cervix?

Answer 16

Straight line between external and internal os.

Question 17

What is meant by the term ‘anteflexed’ or ‘retroflexed’?

Answer 17

The uterus is tipped anteriorly or posteriorly to the axis of the cervix.

Question 18

What is the most common position of the uterus?

Answer 18

Anteverted and anteflexed

Question 19

What are the parts of the uterine tubes from distal to proximal?

Answer 19

Fimbriae, Infundibulum, Ampulla, Isthmus

Question 20

Where is the site of fertilisation normally?

Answer 20

Ampulla

Question 21

What is the name of the areas at the superior vagina created by the cervix holding it open?

Answer 21

Fornix - plural fornices

anterior, posterior and lateral x2

Question 22

How might the ischial spines be palpated?

Answer 22

Intravaginally at 4 and 8 o’clock

Question 23

What is the perineum?

Answer 23

Shallow space between the pelvic diaphragm and the skin.

Question 24

What muscle forms the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 24

Levator Ani muscle

Question 25

What is the nerve supply to the levator ani?

Answer 25

S3, S4 and S5 from sacral plexus + pudendal nerve

Question 26

What is the name of the cartilaginous and elastic body attached to the perineal muscles?

Answer 26

Perineal body

Question 27

What is the name of the glands associated with lubrication and sexual arousal?

Answer 27

Bartholins Gland (a.k.a Greater Vestibular Gland)

Question 28

Name the fatty region overlying the pubic bones.

Answer 28

Mons pubis

Question 29

What does the vestibule of the vagina contain?

Answer 29

The external urethral orifice and vaginal orifice.

Question 30

From which ribs do the bed of the breast extend?

Answer 30

2-6 | Lateral border of sternum to mid-axillary line.

Question 31

Over what muscles does the breast lie?

Answer 31

Deep fascia over pectorals major and serrated anterior.

Question 32

What is the area between the breast and the underlying fascia called?

Answer 32

Retromammary space

Question 33

What structures attach the breast tissue to the overlying skin?

Answer 33

Suspensory ligaments

Question 34

How are the quadrants of the breast named?

Answer 34

Upper outer Upper inner Lower outer Lower inner

Question 35

Asking the patient to assume what position may help in breast examination?

Answer 35

Placing hands firmly on hips.

Question 36

Which lymph nodes drain the breasts?

Answer 36

Axillary Lymph nodes (75%) Parasternal lymph nodes Abdominal lymph nodes - lower inner quadrant only

Question 37

What are the levels of axillary node clearance?

Answer 37

Level I - inferior and lateral to pectorals major Level II - deep to pectorals major Level III - superior and medial to pectoralis minor

Question 38

Which arteries supply the breast?

Answer 38

Internal thoracic and anterior intercostal arteries.