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Human Reproduction > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is birth canal ?

A

Cervical canal along with vagina forms the birth canal.

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2
Q

Mention the two pituitary hormones or gonadotropins.

A

LH Leuthenising hormone

FSH Follice stimulating hormone.

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3
Q

Mention the two ovarian hormones.

A

Estrogen

Progesterone.

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4
Q
  1. Name the funnel shaped part of the Fallopian tube which lies close to the ovary.
  2. Finger like projections present at the end of the infundibulum ?
  3. Name the middle part of the oviduct or Fallopian tube.
  4. Name the last part of the Fallopian tube or oviduct.
A

Infundibulum

Fimbriae

Ampulla

Isthmus

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5
Q

Name the layer of the uterus which undergoes cyclical changes during menstrual cycle .

Name the layer of the uterus which exhibits strong contractions during parturition.

Name the outermost layer of uterus.

A

Endometrium / inner glandular layer

Myometrium / middle thick layer of smooth muscles.

Perimetrium/ the external thin membranous layer.

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6
Q

The ovary is connected to the pelvic wall and the uterus by _________

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

Note on ovarian storma

A

Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium which encloses the ovarian stroma.

The stroma is divided into two zones - a peripheral cortex and an inner medulla.

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8
Q

Define gametogenesis.

A

Gametogenesis is the process by which the primary sex organs testis in males and ovaries in females produce the male and the female gametes respectively.

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9
Q

Define spermatogenesis.

A

It is the process in which the immature germ cells , spermtogonia , produce sperms.

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10
Q

What are tertiary ovarian follicles ?

A

The tertiary ovarian follicles are characterised by a fluid filled antrum and the theca layer is organised into two layers the inner theca interna and the outer theca externa.

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11
Q

Acrosome and middle piece of the sperm are very essential parts of the sperm without which fertilisation does not occur.Justify the statement.

A

The head of the sperm , acrosome contains certain enzymes which help the sperm to penetrate through the layers of the ovum.

The middle piece contains a lot of mitochondria which provide energy for the movement of tail which helps in sperm motility which is essential for fertilisation.

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12
Q

Write the role of FSH.

A

In male the FSH acts on the Sertoli cells which I turn stimulates certain factors which is required for the process of spermiogenesis.

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13
Q

Write about the role of LH in male and female.

A

In female it creates a surge which helps in the rupture of Grafian Follicle and release of ovum.

In male LH acts on the Leydig cells which stimulates the synthesis and secretion of Androgen which in turn stimulates the process of spermatogenesis.

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14
Q

Write the role of oxytocin.

A

After the foetal ejection reflex , oxytocin is released from the brain which induces more and more stronger contractions in the uterine wall.

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15
Q

What is coitus ?

A

It is the process of introducing the penis into vagina

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16
Q

What is insemination ?

A

During coitus semen is released into the vagina by the penis.this is called as insemination.

17
Q

In which part of the Fallopian tube of the female rs fertilisation occurs ?

A

Ampullary isthmic junction of the Fallopian tube.

18
Q

Why do all copultions do not lead to fertilisation and pregnancy in healthy couple ?

A

It can occur only if the ovum and sperms are transported simultaneously to the ampullary- isthmic junction.

19
Q

When does the secondary oocyte complete second meiotic division ?

A

Soon after penetration of sperm into ovum.

20
Q

Cleavage definition.

A

The mitotic divisions that start as the zygote moves through the isthmus region of the oviduct.

21
Q

What is trophoblast ?

A

Outer layer of blastocyst.

Inner layer embryoblast.

22
Q

Why the cells of the inner cell mass of blastocyst are called stem cells ?

A

Because they get differentiated as the embryo and has the potency to give rise to all tissues and organs.

23
Q

What are stem cells ?

A

Because they have the potency to give rise to all tissues and organs.

24
Q

Name the finger like projections that appear on the trophoblast after the implantation.

A

Chorionic villi

25
Q

Define placenta.

A

The structural and functional unit between the developing embryo and maternal body called placenta.

26
Q

hCG.

A

Human chorionic Gonadotropin.

27
Q

hPL.

A

Human placental lactogen.

28
Q

Mention one important function of the placenta.

A

Placenta acts as the foetal endocrine gland.

29
Q

Mention the hormone only produced during pregnancy by the ovary in human females ?

A

Relaxin.

30
Q

Which part of the female reproductive system produces relaxin?

A

Ovary.

31
Q

In which month of pregnancy , embryo’s heart is formed?

A

After the end of first month.

32
Q

In which month of human pregnancy , foetus develops limbs and digits ?

A

By the end of the second month of pregnancy.

33
Q

At which month of pregnancy first foetal movement and appearance of hair on head can be noticed ?

A

During fifth month

34
Q

What is gestation period ?

A

The average duration of pregnancy is called as gestation.

35
Q

What is foetal ejection reflex ?

A

The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed foetus and the placenta induces mild uterine contractions.

36
Q

Define lactation.

A

The mammary glands in female undergo differentiation during pregnancy and starts producing Milk at the end of pregnancy by the process of lactation.

37
Q

What is colostrum ?

A

The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation.

38
Q

Why is colostrum essential for the newborn ?

A

Contains several antibodies which are required to develop resistance in the body of the newborn.

Human Reproduction (4 decks)

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