Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What is contained within the female perineum?
Inferior vagina Perineal muscles Bartholin's glands Clitoris Labia
What pouches are found within the female peritoneum?
Vesico-uterine
Recto-uterine (pouch of Douglas)
Where does excess fluid tend to collect in the female peritoneum?
Recto-uterine pouch
How can fluid collected in the pouch of Douglas be drained?
Via a needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina (culdocentesis)
The broad ligament of the uterus is formed from a single/double layer of peritoneum
Double
What is the function of the broad ligament?
Helps maintain the uterus in midline position
Where does the round ligament attach?
Lateral aspect of uterus and superficial tissue of female perineum
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
The cervix makes up what fraction of the uterus in an adult?
1/3
Which ligament is important in holding the uterus in position?
Uterosacral
What happens if there is weakness of the uterosacral ligament?
Uterine prolapse
What is the most common position of the uterus?
Anteverted (cervix tipped anteriorly to axis of vagina)
Anteflexed (uterus tipped anteriorly to axis of cervix)
Give a normal variation in uterine position
Retroverted and retroflexed (uterus tipped posteriorly to axis of vagina/cervix)
Why must a speculum be used in cervical smears?
As the walls of the vagina are usually collapsed
Which anatomical site must be sampled in a cervical smear?
Squamo-columnar junction
Where do the fimbrae of the uterine tubes open into?
Peritoneal cavity
Why is it important that the fimbrae open into the peritoneal cavity?
PID can cause peritonitis
Ectopic pregnancy in peritoneal cavity
What are the four fornicies of the vagina?
Anterior
Posterior
2 lateral
On PV, where can the ischial spines be palpated?
4 and 8 o’clock positions
How can adnexae be palpated on PV?
Place examining fingers into lateral fornix and press deeply in iliac fossa of same side
What are the anatomical landmarks of the urogenital triangle?
Pubic symphysis
2 x ischial spine
What are the anatomical landmarks of the anal triangle?
Coccyx
2 x ischial spine
What are the nerve roots of the nerve to levator ani?
S3/4/5
The perineum is supplied by which nerve?
Pudendal nerve
Bartholins gland has the same function as which gland in the male?
Bulbourethral gland
What is contained within the vestibule?
External urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
The female breast extends between which ribs?
2-6
Breast tissue lies on which structure?
Deep fascia
What are the four quadrants of the breast?
Upper outer
Upper inner
Lower outer
Lower inner
Most lymph from the breast drains to which lymph nodes?
Ipsilateral axillary nodes
Lymph from the lower inner breast can drain to which lymph nodes?
Abdominal
How are the levels of axillary lymph nodes classified?
Relation to pec minor
Level I axillary lymph nodes are found where?
Inferior and lateral to pec minor
Level II axillary lymph nodes are found where?
Deep to pec minor
Level III axillary lymph nodes are found where?
Superior and medial to pec minor
What happens if level III lymph nodes are removed?
Lymph clearance from levels I and II will be blocked off
What is the main arterial supply of the breast?
Axillary artery
Internal thoracic
