FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

The function of Female reproductive system

Answer 1

✓ Produces female gametes (role of the ovaries)
✓ Provides environment for fertilization
✓ Holds embryo for complete development until birth
✓ Produces steroidal sex hormones

Question 2

LE of OVARIES:

Answer 2

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 3

Continues with mesothelium and overlying a
dense connective tissue capsule called

Answer 3

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

Question 4

Parts of ovaries

Answer 4

o Cortex
- Highly cellular connective tissue
- Ovarian follicles
- Very important
o Medulla
-Loose connective tissue and blood
vessels

Question 5

___________ surrounded by flat cells called follicular
cells to form a non-growing ovarian follicle

Answer 5

PRIMARY OOCYTES

Question 6

term for Menopause:

Answer 6

atresia

Question 7

Oocyte + one or more layers of follicular cells within a basal lamina

Answer 7

OVARIAN FOLLICLE

Question 8

The first ovarian follicle that we’ll see which is located
at the superficial ovarian cortex

Answer 8

Primordial follicle

Question 9

Single layer of flattened follicular cells

Answer 9

PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES

Question 10

→ Release of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) from
pituitary gland

Answer 10

FOLLICULAR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Question 11

LE of Unilaminar primary follicle

Answer 11

→ Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 12

LE of Multilaminar primary follicle

Answer 12

→ Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 13

Characteristic feature of Multilaminar primary follicle:

Answer 13

Zona pellucida

Question 14

• Well vascularized, steroid producing
  cells
• Secretes Androstenedione (estrogen
  precursor)

Answer 14

o Theca interna

Question 15

• Fibroblasts and smooth muscles

Answer 15

o Theca externa

Question 16

Cells secrete clear follicular fluid (liquor folliculi)

Answer 16

ANTRAL FOLLICLES

Question 17

small fluid-filled spaces fuse forming a cavity

Answer 17

Antrum

Question 18

→ granulosa cells around the oocyte will form a hillock

Answer 18

Cumulus oophorus

Question 19

→ tightly adhering granulosa cells that immediately surround the zona pellucida
→ Accompany the oocyte when it leaves the ovary during ovulation

Answer 19

Corona radiata

Question 20

→ Preovulatory follicle
→ Contains a single large antrum
→ Forms a bulge at the ovarian surface

Answer 20

GRAAFIAN/ MATURE FOLLICLES

Question 21

o Detachment of granulosa cells
o Autolysis of oocyte
o Collapse of zona pellucida

Answer 21

→ Apoptosis

Question 22

→ Temporary endocrine gland

Answer 22

CORPUS LUTEUM

Question 23

• large pale staining cells
• Major hormone produced: progesterone

Answer 23

Granulosa lutein cells

Question 24

• Progesterone (primary hormone) &
  androstenedione
• small dark staining cells

Question 25

- Produces progesterone (majority) & androstenedione

Answer 25

Theca lutein cells

Question 26

→ Contains mostly collagen, few fibroblasts → Scar of connective tissue

Answer 26

CORPUS ALBICANS

Question 27

Major regions of UTERUS:

Answer 27

* Fundus * Corpus/body * Isthmus * Cervix

Question 28

→ Rounded upper end of the body → Where oviducts join

Answer 28

* Fundus

Question 29

→ Expanded upper portion; bulk

Answer 29

* Corpus/ Body

Question 30

→ Slightly constricted portion below the corpus

Answer 30

Isthmus

Question 31

→ Cylindrical lower part

Answer 31

Cervix

Question 32

→ Outer connective tissue layer → Largely serosa covered by mesothelium

Answer 32

PERIMETRIUM

Question 33

→ Thickest, highly vascularized → Bundles of smooth muscles (inner circular and outer longitudinal layer) → Contains muscles

Answer 33

MYOMETRIUM

Question 34

LE: of ENDOMETRIUM

Answer 34

LE: simple columnar epithelium ▪ Ciliated cells ▪ Secretory cells (lines the uterine glands)

Question 35

Proliferative phase

Answer 35

8 – 10 days

Question 36

Menstrual period

Answer 36

3- 4 days

Question 37

Secretory phase

Answer 37

– begins at ovulation; about 14 days

Question 38

→ Shedding part of mucosa 14 days after ovulation → Corpus luteum regresses → Decrease in estrogen and progesterone

Answer 38

MENSTRUAL PHASE

Question 39

→ After ovulation → Peak of LH: induces ovulation, development of corpus luteum → Epithelial cells secrete glycogen, glands coil → Microvasculature thin-walled, blood-filled

Answer 39

SECRETORY PHASE

Question 40

→ Follicular or estrogenic phase → FSH stimulates rapid growth of follicles → Dominant follicle reaches preovulatory stage → Endometrium: simple columnar, straight tubular glands empty lumens, spiral A lengthen

Answer 40

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE

Question 41

what organ consists of: o Folded mucosa o Well-defined muscularis with interwoven circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle o Thin serosa covered by visceral peritoneum

Answer 41

FALLOPIAN TUBES

Question 42

LE of Fallopian Tube:

Answer 42

Non-ciliated secretory Peg cells – secrete glycoproteins

Question 43

LE of Endocervix

Answer 43

simple columnar

Question 44

LE of Exocervix (portio vaginalis)

Answer 44

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Question 45

LE of Vagina

Answer 45

stratified squamous

Question 46

LP of Vagina

Answer 46

: elastic fibers, lymphocytes, neutrophils

Question 47

Muscular layer of Vagina

Answer 47

2 distinct layers of inner circular and outer longitudinal laye

Question 48

Tunica Adventitia of Vagina

Answer 48

o Dense connective tissue and plenty of elastic fibers o Venous plexus, lymphatic vessels, and nerves