Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Which of the following changes occur during the female orgasm?

-contraction of perineal muscles.
-rhythmic contraction the distal portion of the vagina.
-waves of contraction in the uterus.

Answer 1

All 3

Question 2

Days 6-9 of a typical 28 day uterine cycle would be referred to as?

Answer 2

Early proliferative phase

Question 3

During which of the phases of the ovarian cycle do the flattened follicular cells of the primordial follicles become cuboidal in shape?

Answer 3

Follicular phase

Question 4

Approximately what percentage of ovulations have the potential to give rise to non-identical twins?

Answer 4

1 - 2%

Question 5

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle the layer of tissue from which the endometrium regenerates is called the?

Answer 5

Basal layer

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of oestrogen?

-Development of female libido.
-Stimulation of progesterone secretion.
-Development of female secondary sex characteristics.
-Stimulation of follicular development.
-Stimulation of growth.

Answer 6

Stimulation of progesterone secretion

Question 7

Which of the following is/are features of the middle portion of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

1. Relatively low and stable levels of LH.
2. Relatively low and stable levels of FSH.
3. Relatively low and stable levels of progesterone.

Answer 7

All 3

Question 8

The maturation stage of oogenesis is characterised by which of the following?

1. growth of the primary oocyte.
2. development of a single layer of flattened follicular cells.
3. development of an antrum.

Answer 8

1 and 2

Question 9

The highest levels of oestrogen and progesterone and declining levels of LH and FSH are found during which of the following phases of the ovarian cycle?

-Ovulatory phase.
-Early follicular phase.
-Early luteal phase.
-Mid luteal phase.
-Late follicular phase.

Answer 9

Mid luteal phase

Question 10

The cells of the corpus luteum secrete which of the following hormones?

1. follicle stimulating hormone
2. oestrogen
3. progesterone

Answer 10

2 and 3

Question 11

The phase of the uterine cycle that coincides with high levels of secretion of oestrogen AND progesterone by the ovary is the?

Answer 11

mid secretory phase

Question 12

The typical age range during which ovarian cycles start to become anovulatory and menstrual periods become shorter and less frequent is?

Answer 12

46-54

Question 13

The highest number of primary oocytes are present in the human body at which of the following times?

-at menopause
-12 months after puberty
-the fifth month of gestation
-at birth
-just before puberty

Answer 13

the fifth month of gestation

Question 14

Towards the end of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, circulating levels of oestrogen gradually increase because of which of the following?

1. secretion of oestrogen from the corpus luteum.
2. secretion of oestrogen from the proliferating follicular cells of the dominant mature follicle.
3. positive feedback of oestrogen onto the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.

Answer 14

Only 2

Question 15

The hormonal trigger that cause the arteries of the endometrium to go into spasm during the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle is?

-increasing oestrogen levels
-decreasing oestrogen levels
-increasing progesterone levels
-decreasing progesterone levels

Answer 15

2 and 4

Question 16

The initial development of a few primordial follicles into primary follicles typically occurs in the age range?

Answer 16

8-13

Question 17

Which of the following interactions is NOT a feature of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

-All of the above ARE features of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
-Oestrogen exerts a positive feedback effect on the anterior pituitary.
-Oestrogen exerts a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus.
-Progesterone exerts a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus.
-Progesterone exerts a negative feedback effect on the anterior pituitary.

Answer 17

All of the above ARE features of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

Question 18

The beginning of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle is characterised by which of the following features?

1. a dramatic decline in circulating LH levels.
2. a dramatic decline if circulating FSH levels.
3. a dramatic decline in circulating oestrogen levels.

Answer 18

All 3

Question 19

Towards the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, circulating levels of oestrogen and progesterone gradually decline because?

Answer 19

The corpus luteum begins to degenerate

Question 20

During which phase of the ovarian cycle does the corona radiata first appear?

Answer 20

ovulatory phase

Question 21

The phase of the uterine cycle which coincides with ovulation is the ?

Answer 21

proliferative phase

Question 22

What is zona pellucida?

Answer 22

In primary and secondary follicles. Prevents cross species fertilisation and triggers acrosome reaction

Question 23

What is difference between primordial follicle and primary follicles?

Answer 23

Primordial follicles single layer flat cells, Primary follocles single layer cuboidal cells

Question 24

What is difference between primary and secondary follicles?

Answer 24

Secondary has multiple layers of follicular cells and blood filled antrum

Question 25

What happens to secondary follicles that do not become mature follicles?

Answer 25

Degenerate and are atretic follicles

Question 26

Why does corpus luteum have blood cells in its core?

Answer 26

Rupturing of wall of ovary results in blood cells moving to its core

Question 27

What is difference between endometrial glands at proliferative stage and secretory stage?

Answer 27

Are simple tubular glands at proliferative stage. Default non-secretory stage. At secretory stage, endometrium is thickened and endometrial glands extensively branch and have alveoli; extensive proliferation in number of cells which increases surface area

Question 28

Primordial follicles are found at what stage of life?

Answer 28

In ovaries at birth (only 300,000-400,000 surviving at birth). In suspended animation until puberty

Question 29

What is the uterine cycle stages in order?

Answer 29

Menstrual, proliferative, secretory

Question 30

What is ovarian cycle stages in order?

Answer 30

Follicular, ovulatory, luteal

Question 31

What is the corpus luteum?

Answer 31

Glandular body that develops from a mature follicle. Follicular cells of CL secretes progesterone + little oestrogen. If fertilisation does not occur, at end of luteal phase it breaks down to form white scar called corpus albicans. If fertilisation occurs it continues to play important role in pregnancy

Question 32

What phase in the monthly reproductive cycle of females occur simultaneously?

Answer 32

Regression of corpus luteum and decrease in progesterone secretion

Question 33

Why does FSH and LH levels gradually decline during luteal phase?

Answer 33

Formation of corpus luteum means increased progesterone + little oestrogen. The rising oestrogen exerts a positive feedback effect on the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus while progesterone exerts a negative feedback on the same structures. Because the progesterone inhibitory effect predominates, LH and FSH levels tend to gradually decline during the luteal phase.

Question 34

What is hormonal changes during ovarian cycle responsible for single mature follicle to rupture through wall of ovary, expelling it's oocyte?

Answer 34

Negative feedback by oestrogen during follicular phase suddenly become a positive feedback loop. Instead of inhibiting the hypothalmus and anterior pituitary, oestrogen now stimulates these structures and so we see a rapid increase in circulating levels of FSH and LH. The sudden peak in LH (LH surge) is the trigger for ovulation at around day 14 of the cycle. After ovulation estrogen levels begin to decline due to the damage done to the mature follicle following ovulation.