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Pathology Unit 1 > Female Reproductive Pathoma > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Pathoma Flashcards

1
Q

Bartholin Cyst

A

-Cystic dilation of the bartholin gland. Lower vestibule of the vaginal canal. -Arises due to inflammation and obstruction of gland. -Unilateral, painful cystic lesion at the lower vestibule adjacent to the vaginal canal

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2
Q

Condyloma

A

-Warty neoplasm of vulvar skin, often large -Due to HPV types 6,11; secondary syphillis. Koilocytes. Rare progression to carcinoma

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3
Q

Lichen sclerosis

A

-Thinning of the epidermis and fibrosis of the dermis -White patch (leukoplakia), parchment-like vulvar skin. -Benign. Slight increase in risk for squamous cell carcinoma. -most common in postmenopausal women

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4
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus

A

-Hyperplasia of the vulvar squamous epithelium -Leukoplakia with thick, leathery, vulvar skin. -Chrnoic irritation/scratching. -No increased risk of cancer

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5
Q

Vulvar carcinoma

A

-From squamous epithelium lining the vulva -Leukoplakia. -HPV (16,18), or non-HPV related (Long standing lichen sclerosis) -Arises from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

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6
Q

Extrammary Paget Disease

A

-Malignant epithelial cells in the epidermis -Erythematous, pruritic, ulcerated vulvar skin -Carcinoma in situ, with no underlying carcinoma in vulva. -Paget cells: PAS+, keratin+, S100- -Melanoma: PAS-, Keratin-, S100+

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7
Q

Adenosis

A

Focal persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper vagina. DES Risk

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8
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant proliferation of glands with clear cytoplasm. Rare complication of DES exposure

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9
Q

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

-Malignant mesenchymal proliferation of immature skeletal muscle -Bleeding and grape like mass protruding from vagina/penis of a child (

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10
Q

Vaginal Carcinoma

A

-From squamous epithelium lining vaginal mucosa -Usually related to high-risk HPV -Precursor lesion is vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)

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11
Q

Reverse

-Cystic dilation of the bartholin gland. Lower vestibule of the vaginal canal. -Arises due to inflammation and obstruction of gland. -Unilateral, painful cystic lesion at the lower vestibule adjacent to the vaginal canal

A

Bartholin Cyst

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12
Q

Reverse

-Warty neoplasm of vulvar skin, often large -Due to HPV types 6,11; secondary syphillis. Koilocytes. Rare progression to carcinoma

A

Condyloma

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13
Q

Reverse

-Thinning of the epidermis and fibrosis of the dermis -White patch (leukoplakia), parchment-like vulvar skin. -Benign. Slight increase in risk for squamous cell carcinoma. -most common in postmenopausal women

A

Lichen sclerosis

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14
Q

Reverse

-Hyperplasia of the vulvar squamous epithelium -Leukoplakia with thick, leathery, vulvar skin. -Chrnoic irritation/scratching. -No increased risk of cancer

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

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15
Q

Reverse

-From squamous epithelium lining the vulva -Leukoplakia. -HPV (16,18), or non-HPV related (Long standing lichen sclerosis) -Arises from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

A

Vulvar carcinoma

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16
Q

Reverse

-Malignant epithelial cells in the epidermis -Erythematous, pruritic, ulcerated vulvar skin -Carcinoma in situ, with no underlying carcinoma in vulva. -Paget cells: PAS+, keratin+, S100- -Melanoma: PAS-, Keratin-, S100+

A

Extrammary Paget Disease

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17
Q

Reverse

Focal persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper vagina. DES Risk

A

Adenosis

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18
Q

Reverse

Malignant proliferation of glands with clear cytoplasm. Rare complication of DES exposure

A

Clear cell adenocarcinoma

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19
Q

Reverse

-Malignant mesenchymal proliferation of immature skeletal muscle -Bleeding and grape like mass protruding from vagina/penis of a child (

A

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

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20
Q

Reverse

-From squamous epithelium lining vaginal mucosa -Usually related to high-risk HPV -Precursor lesion is vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)

A

Vaginal Carcinoma

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21
Q

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

A
  • Cervical epithelium involvement
  • Koilocytic change, disordered cellular maturation, nuclear atypia, increaed mitotic activity
  • Divided into grades based on extent of epitheial involvement
    • Carcinoma in situ involves entire thickness
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22
Q

Cervical Carcinoma

A
  • Invasive carcinoma that arises from cervical epithelium
  • Average age: 40-50
  • Vaginal bleeding, postcoital bleeding, cervical discharge
  • Risk: HPV, smoking, immunodeficiency
  • Subtypes:
    • squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma
  • Risk of hydronephrosis
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23
Q

Asherman Syndrome

A

Secondary amenorrhea due to loss of basalis and scarring

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24
Q

Acute endometritis

A
  • Bacterial infection of endometrium
  • Usually due to retained products of conception retained as a nidus for infection
  • Fever, abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain
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25
Chronic endometritis
* Chronic inflammation of endometrium * Lymphocytes and plasma cells * Abnormal uterine bleeding, pain, infertility
26
Endometrial Polyp
* Hyperplastic protrusion of endometrium * Abnormal uterine bleeding * Side effect of tamoxifen
27
Endometriosis
* Endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine endometrial lining * Retrograde menstruation * Most common involvement is ovary, gives chocolate cyst * Increased risk of carcinoma at the site of endometriosis
28
Endometrial Hyperplasia
* Hyperplasia of endometrial glands relative to stroma * Consequence of unopposed estrogen (not followed by progesterone) * Postmenopausal uterine bleeding * Cellular atypia most important for prediction to progression to carcinoma
29
Endometrial Carcinoma
* Malignant proliferation of endometrial glands * Postmenopausal bleeding * Hyperplasia: * Arises from endometrial hyperplasia * Risk factor related to estrogen exposure * Average age 60 * Sporadic pathway: * Atrophic endothelium with no precursor lesion * Average age: 70 * Psammoma body, papillary structure, p53
30
Leiomyoma (Fibroids)
* Benign neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle from myometrium * Related to estrogen exposure * Multiple well defined, white, whorled masses * Abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, pelvic mass
31
Leiomyosarcoma
* Malignant proliferation of smooth muscle from myometrium * De novo. * Postmenopausal women * Single lesion with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. * Not white masses
32
Benign tumors (Cystadenomas)
* Single cyst with a simple, flat lining. * Most common in premenopausal women (30-40)
33
Malignant Tumors (cystadenocarcinoma)
* Complex cysts with a thick, shaggy lining * Postmenopausal women (60-70)
34
Endometroid tumors
* Composed of endometrail-like glands, and usually malignant * May arise from endometriosis
35
Brenner tumors
* Composed of bladder-like epithelium and usually benign
36
Cystic teratoma
* Cystic tumor composed of fetal tissue derived from 2,3 embryologic layers * Benign, but presence of immature tissue or somatic malignancy indicate malignant potential * Struma ovarii composed primarily of thyroid tissue, can cause hyperthyroidism
37
Dysgerminoma
* From oocytes * Composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei * Testicular counterpart is called seminoma * Serum LDH might be elevated * Good prognosis
38
Endodermal sinus tumor
* From yolk sac * Serum AFP is elevated * Schiller-Duval bodies (Glomerulus-like structures)
39
Choriocarcinoma
* From placental tissue * Malignant tumor composed of cytotrophoblasta and syncytiotrophoblasts. * Small, hemorrhagic tumor with early hematogenous spread * High b-HCG. * Poor response to chemo
40
Granulosa-thecal cell tumor
* Proliferation of granulosa and theca cells * Often produce estrogen * Precocious puberty, * menorrhagia or metrorrhagia * Postmenopause(MOST COMMON): Endometrial hyperplasia with postmenopausal uterine bleeding * Malignant, but minimal risk for mets
41
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
* Composed of sertoli cells that form tubules and Leydig cells with Reinke crystals * May produce androgen * Hirsutisum and virilization
42
Fibroma
* Benign tumor of fibroblasts * Pleural effusion and ascities
43
# Reverse * Cervical epithelium involvement * Koilocytic change, disordered cellular maturation, nuclear atypia, increaed mitotic activity * Divided into grades based on extent of epitheial involvement * Carcinoma in situ involves entire thickness
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
44
# Reverse * Invasive carcinoma that arises from cervical epithelium * Average age: 40-50 * Vaginal bleeding, postcoital bleeding, cervical discharge * Risk: HPV, smoking, immunodeficiency * Subtypes: * squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma * Risk of hydronephrosis
Cervical Carcinoma
45
# Reverse Secondary amenorrhea due to loss of basalis and scarring
Asherman Syndrome
46
# Reverse * Bacterial infection of endometrium * Usually due to retained products of conception retained as a nidus for infection * Fever, abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain
Acute endometritis
47
# Reverse * Chronic inflammation of endometrium * Lymphocytes and plasma cells * Abnormal uterine bleeding, pain, infertility
Chronic endometritis
48
# Reverse * Hyperplastic protrusion of endometrium * Abnormal uterine bleeding * Side effect of tamoxifen
Endometrial Polyp
49
# Reverse * Endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine endometrial lining * Retrograde menstruation * Most common involvement is ovary, gives chocolate cyst * Increased risk of carcinoma at the site of endometriosis
Endometriosis
50
# Reverse * Hyperplasia of endometrial glands relative to stroma * Consequence of unopposed estrogen (not followed by progesterone) * Postmenopausal uterine bleeding * Cellular atypia most important for prediction to progression to carcinoma
Endometrial Hyperplasia
51
# Reverse * Malignant proliferation of endometrial glands * Postmenopausal bleeding * Hyperplasia: * Arises from endometrial hyperplasia * Risk factor related to estrogen exposure * Average age 60 * Sporadic pathway: * Atrophic endothelium with no precursor lesion * Average age: 70 * Psammoma body, papillary structure, p53
Endometrial Carcinoma
52
# Reverse * Benign neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle from myometrium * Related to estrogen exposure * Multiple well defined, white, whorled masses * Abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, pelvic mass
Leiomyoma (Fibroids)
53
# Reverse * Malignant proliferation of smooth muscle from myometrium * De novo. * Postmenopausal women * Single lesion with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. * Not white masses
Leiomyosarcoma
54
# Reverse * Single cyst with a simple, flat lining. * Most common in premenopausal women (30-40)
Benign tumors (Cystadenomas)
55
# Reverse * Complex cysts with a thick, shaggy lining * Postmenopausal women (60-70)
Malignant Tumors (cystadenocarcinoma)
56
# Reverse * Composed of endometrail-like glands, and usually malignant * May arise from endometriosis
Endometroid tumors
57
# Reverse * Composed of bladder-like epithelium and usually benign
Brenner tumors
58
# Reverse * Cystic tumor composed of fetal tissue derived from 2,3 embryologic layers * Benign, but presence of immature tissue or somatic malignancy indicate malignant potential * Struma ovarii composed primarily of thyroid tissue, can cause hyperthyroidism
Cystic teratoma
59
# Reverse * From oocytes * Composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei * Testicular counterpart is called seminoma * Serum LDH might be elevated * Good prognosis
Dysgerminoma
60
# Reverse * From yolk sac * Serum AFP is elevated * Schiller-Duval bodies (Glomerulus-like structures)
Endodermal sinus tumor
61
# Reverse * From placental tissue * Malignant tumor composed of cytotrophoblasta and syncytiotrophoblasts. * Small, hemorrhagic tumor with early hematogenous spread * High b-HCG. * Poor response to chemo
Choriocarcinoma
62
# Reverse * Proliferation of granulosa and theca cells * Often produce estrogen * Precocious puberty, * menorrhagia or metrorrhagia * Postmenopause(MOST COMMON): Endometrial hyperplasia with postmenopausal uterine bleeding * Malignant, but minimal risk for mets
Granulosa-thecal cell tumor
63
# Reverse * Composed of sertoli cells that form tubules and Leydig cells with Reinke crystals * May produce androgen * Hirsutisum and virilization
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
64
# Reverse * Benign tumor of fibroblasts * Pleural effusion and ascities
Fibroma

Pathology Unit 1 (1 decks)

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