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Pathology Unit 1 > Female Reproductive Pathoma > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Pathoma Flashcards

1
Q

Bartholin Cyst

A

-Cystic dilation of the bartholin gland. Lower vestibule of the vaginal canal. -Arises due to inflammation and obstruction of gland. -Unilateral, painful cystic lesion at the lower vestibule adjacent to the vaginal canal

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2
Q

Condyloma

A

-Warty neoplasm of vulvar skin, often large -Due to HPV types 6,11; secondary syphillis. Koilocytes. Rare progression to carcinoma

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3
Q

Lichen sclerosis

A

-Thinning of the epidermis and fibrosis of the dermis -White patch (leukoplakia), parchment-like vulvar skin. -Benign. Slight increase in risk for squamous cell carcinoma. -most common in postmenopausal women

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4
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus

A

-Hyperplasia of the vulvar squamous epithelium -Leukoplakia with thick, leathery, vulvar skin. -Chrnoic irritation/scratching. -No increased risk of cancer

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5
Q

Vulvar carcinoma

A

-From squamous epithelium lining the vulva -Leukoplakia. -HPV (16,18), or non-HPV related (Long standing lichen sclerosis) -Arises from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

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6
Q

Extrammary Paget Disease

A

-Malignant epithelial cells in the epidermis -Erythematous, pruritic, ulcerated vulvar skin -Carcinoma in situ, with no underlying carcinoma in vulva. -Paget cells: PAS+, keratin+, S100- -Melanoma: PAS-, Keratin-, S100+

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7
Q

Adenosis

A

Focal persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper vagina. DES Risk

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8
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant proliferation of glands with clear cytoplasm. Rare complication of DES exposure

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9
Q

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

-Malignant mesenchymal proliferation of immature skeletal muscle -Bleeding and grape like mass protruding from vagina/penis of a child (

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10
Q

Vaginal Carcinoma

A

-From squamous epithelium lining vaginal mucosa -Usually related to high-risk HPV -Precursor lesion is vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)

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11
Q

Reverse

-Cystic dilation of the bartholin gland. Lower vestibule of the vaginal canal. -Arises due to inflammation and obstruction of gland. -Unilateral, painful cystic lesion at the lower vestibule adjacent to the vaginal canal

A

Bartholin Cyst

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12
Q

Reverse

-Warty neoplasm of vulvar skin, often large -Due to HPV types 6,11; secondary syphillis. Koilocytes. Rare progression to carcinoma

A

Condyloma

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13
Q

Reverse

-Thinning of the epidermis and fibrosis of the dermis -White patch (leukoplakia), parchment-like vulvar skin. -Benign. Slight increase in risk for squamous cell carcinoma. -most common in postmenopausal women

A

Lichen sclerosis

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14
Q

Reverse

-Hyperplasia of the vulvar squamous epithelium -Leukoplakia with thick, leathery, vulvar skin. -Chrnoic irritation/scratching. -No increased risk of cancer

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

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15
Q

Reverse

-From squamous epithelium lining the vulva -Leukoplakia. -HPV (16,18), or non-HPV related (Long standing lichen sclerosis) -Arises from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

A

Vulvar carcinoma

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16
Q

Reverse

-Malignant epithelial cells in the epidermis -Erythematous, pruritic, ulcerated vulvar skin -Carcinoma in situ, with no underlying carcinoma in vulva. -Paget cells: PAS+, keratin+, S100- -Melanoma: PAS-, Keratin-, S100+

A

Extrammary Paget Disease

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17
Q

Reverse

Focal persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper vagina. DES Risk

A

Adenosis

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18
Q

Reverse

Malignant proliferation of glands with clear cytoplasm. Rare complication of DES exposure

A

Clear cell adenocarcinoma

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19
Q

Reverse

-Malignant mesenchymal proliferation of immature skeletal muscle -Bleeding and grape like mass protruding from vagina/penis of a child (

A

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

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20
Q

Reverse

-From squamous epithelium lining vaginal mucosa -Usually related to high-risk HPV -Precursor lesion is vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)

A

Vaginal Carcinoma

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21
Q

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

A
  • Cervical epithelium involvement
  • Koilocytic change, disordered cellular maturation, nuclear atypia, increaed mitotic activity
  • Divided into grades based on extent of epitheial involvement
    • Carcinoma in situ involves entire thickness
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22
Q

Cervical Carcinoma

A
  • Invasive carcinoma that arises from cervical epithelium
  • Average age: 40-50
  • Vaginal bleeding, postcoital bleeding, cervical discharge
  • Risk: HPV, smoking, immunodeficiency
  • Subtypes:
    • squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma
  • Risk of hydronephrosis
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23
Q

Asherman Syndrome

A

Secondary amenorrhea due to loss of basalis and scarring

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24
Q

Acute endometritis

A
  • Bacterial infection of endometrium
  • Usually due to retained products of conception retained as a nidus for infection
  • Fever, abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain
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25
Q

Chronic endometritis

A
  • Chronic inflammation of endometrium
  • Lymphocytes and plasma cells
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding, pain, infertility
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26
Q

Endometrial Polyp

A
  • Hyperplastic protrusion of endometrium
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding
  • Side effect of tamoxifen
27
Q

Endometriosis

A
  • Endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine endometrial lining
    • Retrograde menstruation
  • Most common involvement is ovary, gives chocolate cyst
  • Increased risk of carcinoma at the site of endometriosis
28
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

A
  • Hyperplasia of endometrial glands relative to stroma
  • Consequence of unopposed estrogen (not followed by progesterone)
  • Postmenopausal uterine bleeding
  • Cellular atypia most important for prediction to progression to carcinoma
29
Q

Endometrial Carcinoma

A
  • Malignant proliferation of endometrial glands
  • Postmenopausal bleeding
  • Hyperplasia:
    • Arises from endometrial hyperplasia
    • Risk factor related to estrogen exposure
    • Average age 60
  • Sporadic pathway:
    • Atrophic endothelium with no precursor lesion
    • Average age: 70
    • Psammoma body, papillary structure, p53
30
Q

Leiomyoma (Fibroids)

A
  • Benign neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle from myometrium
  • Related to estrogen exposure
  • Multiple well defined, white, whorled masses
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, pelvic mass
31
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A
  • Malignant proliferation of smooth muscle from myometrium
  • De novo.
  • Postmenopausal women
  • Single lesion with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.
  • Not white masses
32
Q

Benign tumors (Cystadenomas)

A
  • Single cyst with a simple, flat lining.
  • Most common in premenopausal women (30-40)
33
Q

Malignant Tumors (cystadenocarcinoma)

A
  • Complex cysts with a thick, shaggy lining
  • Postmenopausal women (60-70)
34
Q

Endometroid tumors

A
  • Composed of endometrail-like glands, and usually malignant
    • May arise from endometriosis
35
Q

Brenner tumors

A
  • Composed of bladder-like epithelium and usually benign
36
Q

Cystic teratoma

A
  • Cystic tumor composed of fetal tissue derived from 2,3 embryologic layers
  • Benign, but presence of immature tissue or somatic malignancy indicate malignant potential
  • Struma ovarii composed primarily of thyroid tissue, can cause hyperthyroidism
37
Q

Dysgerminoma

A
  • From oocytes
  • Composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
  • Testicular counterpart is called seminoma
  • Serum LDH might be elevated
  • Good prognosis
38
Q

Endodermal sinus tumor

A
  • From yolk sac
  • Serum AFP is elevated
  • Schiller-Duval bodies (Glomerulus-like structures)
39
Q

Choriocarcinoma

A
  • From placental tissue
  • Malignant tumor composed of cytotrophoblasta and syncytiotrophoblasts.
  • Small, hemorrhagic tumor with early hematogenous spread
  • High b-HCG.
  • Poor response to chemo
40
Q

Granulosa-thecal cell tumor

A
  • Proliferation of granulosa and theca cells
  • Often produce estrogen
    • Precocious puberty,
    • menorrhagia or metrorrhagia
    • Postmenopause(MOST COMMON): Endometrial hyperplasia with postmenopausal uterine bleeding
  • Malignant, but minimal risk for mets
41
Q

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

A
  • Composed of sertoli cells that form tubules and Leydig cells with Reinke crystals
  • May produce androgen
    • Hirsutisum and virilization
42
Q

Fibroma

A
  • Benign tumor of fibroblasts
  • Pleural effusion and ascities
43
Q

Reverse

  • Cervical epithelium involvement
  • Koilocytic change, disordered cellular maturation, nuclear atypia, increaed mitotic activity
  • Divided into grades based on extent of epitheial involvement
    • Carcinoma in situ involves entire thickness
A

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

44
Q

Reverse

  • Invasive carcinoma that arises from cervical epithelium
  • Average age: 40-50
  • Vaginal bleeding, postcoital bleeding, cervical discharge
  • Risk: HPV, smoking, immunodeficiency
  • Subtypes:
    • squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma
  • Risk of hydronephrosis
A

Cervical Carcinoma

45
Q

Reverse

Secondary amenorrhea due to loss of basalis and scarring

A

Asherman Syndrome

46
Q

Reverse

  • Bacterial infection of endometrium
  • Usually due to retained products of conception retained as a nidus for infection
  • Fever, abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain
A

Acute endometritis

47
Q

Reverse

  • Chronic inflammation of endometrium
  • Lymphocytes and plasma cells
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding, pain, infertility
A

Chronic endometritis

48
Q

Reverse

  • Hyperplastic protrusion of endometrium
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding
  • Side effect of tamoxifen
A

Endometrial Polyp

49
Q

Reverse

  • Endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine endometrial lining
    • Retrograde menstruation
  • Most common involvement is ovary, gives chocolate cyst
  • Increased risk of carcinoma at the site of endometriosis
A

Endometriosis

50
Q

Reverse

  • Hyperplasia of endometrial glands relative to stroma
  • Consequence of unopposed estrogen (not followed by progesterone)
  • Postmenopausal uterine bleeding
  • Cellular atypia most important for prediction to progression to carcinoma
A

Endometrial Hyperplasia

51
Q

Reverse

  • Malignant proliferation of endometrial glands
  • Postmenopausal bleeding
  • Hyperplasia:
    • Arises from endometrial hyperplasia
    • Risk factor related to estrogen exposure
    • Average age 60
  • Sporadic pathway:
    • Atrophic endothelium with no precursor lesion
    • Average age: 70
    • Psammoma body, papillary structure, p53
A

Endometrial Carcinoma

52
Q

Reverse

  • Benign neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle from myometrium
  • Related to estrogen exposure
  • Multiple well defined, white, whorled masses
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, pelvic mass
A

Leiomyoma (Fibroids)

53
Q

Reverse

  • Malignant proliferation of smooth muscle from myometrium
  • De novo.
  • Postmenopausal women
  • Single lesion with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.
  • Not white masses
A

Leiomyosarcoma

54
Q

Reverse

  • Single cyst with a simple, flat lining.
  • Most common in premenopausal women (30-40)
A

Benign tumors (Cystadenomas)

55
Q

Reverse

  • Complex cysts with a thick, shaggy lining
  • Postmenopausal women (60-70)
A

Malignant Tumors (cystadenocarcinoma)

56
Q

Reverse

  • Composed of endometrail-like glands, and usually malignant
    • May arise from endometriosis
A

Endometroid tumors

57
Q

Reverse

  • Composed of bladder-like epithelium and usually benign
A

Brenner tumors

58
Q

Reverse

  • Cystic tumor composed of fetal tissue derived from 2,3 embryologic layers
  • Benign, but presence of immature tissue or somatic malignancy indicate malignant potential
  • Struma ovarii composed primarily of thyroid tissue, can cause hyperthyroidism
A

Cystic teratoma

59
Q

Reverse

  • From oocytes
  • Composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
  • Testicular counterpart is called seminoma
  • Serum LDH might be elevated
  • Good prognosis
A

Dysgerminoma

60
Q

Reverse

  • From yolk sac
  • Serum AFP is elevated
  • Schiller-Duval bodies (Glomerulus-like structures)
A

Endodermal sinus tumor

61
Q

Reverse

  • From placental tissue
  • Malignant tumor composed of cytotrophoblasta and syncytiotrophoblasts.
  • Small, hemorrhagic tumor with early hematogenous spread
  • High b-HCG.
  • Poor response to chemo
A

Choriocarcinoma

62
Q

Reverse

  • Proliferation of granulosa and theca cells
  • Often produce estrogen
    • Precocious puberty,
    • menorrhagia or metrorrhagia
    • Postmenopause(MOST COMMON): Endometrial hyperplasia with postmenopausal uterine bleeding
  • Malignant, but minimal risk for mets
A

Granulosa-thecal cell tumor

63
Q

Reverse

  • Composed of sertoli cells that form tubules and Leydig cells with Reinke crystals
  • May produce androgen
    • Hirsutisum and virilization
A

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

64
Q

Reverse

  • Benign tumor of fibroblasts
  • Pleural effusion and ascities
A

Fibroma

Pathology Unit 1 (1 decks)

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