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physiology II > Female reproductive histology > Flashcards

Female reproductive histology Flashcards

1
Q

The internal female reproductive organs consist of what?

A

Paired ovaries Paired oviducts Uterus Vagina

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2
Q

The female external reproductive organs consist of what?

A

Clitoris

Labia majora

Labia minora

Mammary glands

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3
Q

What are the major functions of the female reproductive system?

A

Production of ova

Reception of spermatozoa

Provide environment for fertilization

Provide environment for development of fetus

Expulsion of fetus to external environment

Nutrition of newborn

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4
Q

Each ovary is the site of what process?

A

Oogenisis

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5
Q

What is the type of epithelium found in the ovaries?

A

SImple cuboidal

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6
Q

What is the name of the encapsulting layer of the ovary?

A

Tunica albugenia

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7
Q

What is the layer immediately interior to the tunica albugenia?

A

The cortex

=>Cortex has fibroblast CT and many ovarian follicles

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8
Q

The inner part of the ovary is known as the medulla which contains loose connective tissue and blood vessels entering the organ thru the..?

A

Hilum

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9
Q

Primordial germ cells that develop after the first month of gestation are known as..?

A

Oogonia

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10
Q

This cell is the result form the final mitotic division of the surviving oogonia. What is this cell?

A

Primary oocyte

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11
Q

Primary oocytes begin meiosis while still in the fetus but are arrested in what phase of the first meiotic division?

A

Prophase

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12
Q

These follicles are thought to be the most primitive follicles, each consisting of a primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of squamous follicular cells. What is the name of this follicle?

A

Primordial follicle

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13
Q

These follicles actually develop from the primordial follicle. The follicular cells surrounding the primary oocyte become cuboidal in shape. What is the name of this follicle?

A

Primary follicle

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14
Q

There are two types of primary follicles, list and describe the features of both.

A

Unilaminar primary follicle => primary follicle surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells

Multilaminary primary follicle => primary follicle surrounded by 2 or more layers of granulosa cells

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15
Q

This acidophilic refractile layer develops between oocyte and the follicular cells. It is composed of glycoproteins secreted by the oocyte and follicular cells. What is the name of this layer?

A

Zona Pellucida

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16
Q

This is the organized layer of connective tissue outside the primary basal lamina of the primary follicle. What is the name of this layer?

A

Theca folliculi

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17
Q

The theca folliculi divides into 2 distinct layers, list and describe the features of each:

A

Theca interna => forms the connective tissue immediately surrounding the basal lamina

Theca externa => forms the layer of CT surrounding the theca interna

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18
Q

The fluid filled cavities begin to appear between the proliferating granulosa cells and the primary follicle are known as what?

A

Secondary follicle

19
Q

The fluid which fills the spaces between the granulosa and secondary follicles is known as what?

A

Liquor folliculi

20
Q

This fluid filled space forms when smaller spaces/cavities of a secondary follicle unite

A

Antrum

21
Q

There are 2 types of antral follicles: Cumulus oophorus and Corona radiata. What are the distinctive features of each?

A

Cumulus oophorus => group of granulosa cells associated with the oocyte

Corona radiata => outside of zona pellucia and is the first layer of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte

22
Q

Granulosa cell proliferation and liquor folliculi accumulation continues until what type of follicle is formed?

A

Graafian (mature) follicle

23
Q

Within the graafian follicle is the formation of what secondary cell?

A

Secondary oocyte

24
Q

In what phase of the second meiotic division is the secondary oocyte arrested?

A

Metaphase

25
Q

Which layer forms from the reminants of the graafian follicle?

A

Corpus Luteum

26
Q

What is the definition of ovulation?

A

The release of the oocyte from the ovary occuring at the 14th day of the 28 day menstrual cycle

27
Q

What is the opening thru which the oocyte is released from the ovary and into the oviduct?

A

Stigma

28
Q

What type of cells are thought to secrete the 2 pivotal hormone in the female reproductive system? What are the hormones?

A

Granulosa lutein cells

Estrogen

Progesterone

29
Q

These cells, which are small dark staining cells derived fromt he theca interna, are thought to synthesize progesterone and androgens. What cells are these?

A

Theca lutein cells

30
Q

The CT scar formed at the site of an involuted corpus luteum otherwise known as…?

A

Corpus albicans

31
Q

This hormone is the most influential hormone in the first 8-10 days of the menstrual cycle, stimulating the development of 10-20 primary follicles

A

FSH

32
Q

This hormone, notable at around day 14 of the menstrual cycle, results from high circulating levels of estrogen

A

LH

33
Q

This hormone is produced by both theca lutein and granulosa lutein cells and acts on the hypothalamus to inhibit LH

A

Progesterone

34
Q

What the four main compenents of the oviducts starting with where the secondary oocyte is released?

A

Infundibulum => funnel shaped, ovary adjacent

–> Fimbriae: finger like infundibular extensions

Ampulla => where fertilzation takes place

Isthmus => narrowed medial rregion

Intramural region =>opens into wall of uterus

35
Q

Within the oviducts are 3 distinct histological layers: The first is Mucosa which is comprised of ciliated cells and peg cells. What are peg cells?

A

non-ciliated secretory cells. Secretions provide nutrients to ovum, spermatozoa, and emrbyo (should fertilzation occur)

36
Q

The second layer of the oviduct is the muscularis and the third is serosa. Name one distinctive feature about each:

A

Muscularis: smooth muscle arranged as inner circular layer

Serosa: many utonomic fibers present

37
Q

Histologically, the wall and body of the uterus are divided up into 3 layers. What are they?

A

Endometrium => undergoes extensive changes during menstrual cycle

Myometrium => Middle circular layer,highly vascularized

Perimetrium => outermost layer and is a serous membrane continuous with peritoneum

38
Q

The endometrium is divided into 2 layers what are they?

A

Functional layer => sloughed off at menstruation

Basal layer => gives rise to new functional layer at next menstrual cycle

39
Q

The functional layer of the endometrium of the uterus undergoes continuous changes during the menstrual cycle.

A

Menstrual => when bleeding begins and ends (days 1-4)

Proliferative (follicular/estrogenic) => estrogen acts on endometrium inducing regeneration of the functional layer

Secretory => Progesterone prepares corpus luteum and endometrium for fertilized ovum implantation

40
Q

When fertilized ovum implantation does not occur, both the progesterone and estrogen level off 8-10 days after ovulation causing the onset of..?

A

Menstruation

41
Q

Cervix

A

mucous secretion for transportation of spermatozoa

42
Q

Endocervical canal

A

portion of uterus that links uterus to upper vagina

43
Q

What type of epithelium is present inside the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized

44
Q
A

physiology II (6 decks)

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