Female reproductive histology

Question 1

The internal female reproductive organs consist of what?

Answer 1

Paired ovaries Paired oviducts Uterus Vagina

Question 2

The female external reproductive organs consist of what?

Answer 2

Clitoris

Labia majora

Labia minora

Mammary glands

Question 3

What are the major functions of the female reproductive system?

Answer 3

Production of ova

Reception of spermatozoa

Provide environment for fertilization

Provide environment for development of fetus

Expulsion of fetus to external environment

Nutrition of newborn

Question 4

Each ovary is the site of what process?

Answer 4

Oogenisis

Question 5

What is the type of epithelium found in the ovaries?

Answer 5

SImple cuboidal

Question 6

What is the name of the encapsulting layer of the ovary?

Answer 6

Tunica albugenia

Question 7

What is the layer immediately interior to the tunica albugenia?

Answer 7

The cortex

=>Cortex has fibroblast CT and many ovarian follicles

Question 8

The inner part of the ovary is known as the medulla which contains loose connective tissue and blood vessels entering the organ thru the..?

Answer 8

Hilum

Question 9

Primordial germ cells that develop after the first month of gestation are known as..?

Answer 9

Oogonia

Question 10

This cell is the result form the final mitotic division of the surviving oogonia. What is this cell?

Answer 10

Primary oocyte

Question 11

Primary oocytes begin meiosis while still in the fetus but are arrested in what phase of the first meiotic division?

Answer 11

Prophase

Question 12

These follicles are thought to be the most primitive follicles, each consisting of a primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of squamous follicular cells. What is the name of this follicle?

Answer 12

Primordial follicle

Question 13

These follicles actually develop from the primordial follicle. The follicular cells surrounding the primary oocyte become cuboidal in shape. What is the name of this follicle?

Answer 13

Primary follicle

Question 14

There are two types of primary follicles, list and describe the features of both.

Answer 14

Unilaminar primary follicle => primary follicle surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells

Multilaminary primary follicle => primary follicle surrounded by 2 or more layers of granulosa cells

Question 15

This acidophilic refractile layer develops between oocyte and the follicular cells. It is composed of glycoproteins secreted by the oocyte and follicular cells. What is the name of this layer?

Answer 15

Zona Pellucida

Question 16

This is the organized layer of connective tissue outside the primary basal lamina of the primary follicle. What is the name of this layer?

Answer 16

Theca folliculi

Question 17

The theca folliculi divides into 2 distinct layers, list and describe the features of each:

Answer 17

Theca interna => forms the connective tissue immediately surrounding the basal lamina

Theca externa => forms the layer of CT surrounding the theca interna

Question 18

The fluid filled cavities begin to appear between the proliferating granulosa cells and the primary follicle are known as what?

Answer 18

Secondary follicle

Question 19

The fluid which fills the spaces between the granulosa and secondary follicles is known as what?

Answer 19

Liquor folliculi

Question 20

This fluid filled space forms when smaller spaces/cavities of a secondary follicle unite

Answer 20

Antrum

Question 21

There are 2 types of antral follicles: Cumulus oophorus and Corona radiata. What are the distinctive features of each?

Answer 21

Cumulus oophorus => group of granulosa cells associated with the oocyte

Corona radiata => outside of zona pellucia and is the first layer of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte

Question 22

Granulosa cell proliferation and liquor folliculi accumulation continues until what type of follicle is formed?

Answer 22

Graafian (mature) follicle

Question 23

Within the graafian follicle is the formation of what secondary cell?

Answer 23

Secondary oocyte

Question 24

In what phase of the second meiotic division is the secondary oocyte arrested?

Answer 24

Metaphase

Question 25

Which layer forms from the reminants of the graafian follicle?

Answer 25

Corpus Luteum

Question 26

What is the definition of ovulation?

Answer 26

The release of the oocyte from the ovary occuring at the 14th day of the 28 day menstrual cycle

Question 27

What is the opening thru which the oocyte is released from the ovary and into the oviduct?

Answer 27

Stigma

Question 28

What type of cells are thought to secrete the 2 pivotal hormone in the female reproductive system? What are the hormones?

Answer 28

Granulosa lutein cells Estrogen Progesterone

Question 29

These cells, which are small dark staining cells derived fromt he theca interna, are thought to synthesize progesterone and androgens. What cells are these?

Answer 29

Theca lutein cells

Question 30

The CT scar formed at the site of an involuted corpus luteum otherwise known as...?

Answer 30

Corpus albicans

Question 31

This hormone is the most influential hormone in the first 8-10 days of the menstrual cycle, stimulating the development of 10-20 primary follicles

Answer 31

FSH

Question 32

This hormone, notable at around day 14 of the menstrual cycle, results from high circulating levels of estrogen

Answer 32

LH

Question 33

This hormone is produced by both theca lutein and granulosa lutein cells and acts on the hypothalamus to inhibit LH

Answer 33

Progesterone

Question 34

What the four main compenents of the oviducts starting with where the secondary oocyte is released?

Answer 34

Infundibulum =\> funnel shaped, ovary adjacent --\> Fimbriae: finger like infundibular extensions Ampulla =\> where fertilzation takes place Isthmus =\> narrowed medial rregion Intramural region =\>opens into wall of uterus

Question 35

Within the oviducts are 3 distinct histological layers: The first is Mucosa which is comprised of ciliated cells and peg cells. What are peg cells?

Answer 35

non-ciliated secretory cells. Secretions provide nutrients to ovum, spermatozoa, and emrbyo (should fertilzation occur)

Question 36

The second layer of the oviduct is the muscularis and the third is serosa. Name one distinctive feature about each:

Answer 36

Muscularis: smooth muscle arranged as inner circular layer Serosa: many utonomic fibers present

Question 37

Histologically, the wall and body of the uterus are divided up into 3 layers. What are they?

Answer 37

Endometrium =\> undergoes extensive changes during menstrual cycle Myometrium =\> Middle circular layer,highly vascularized Perimetrium =\> outermost layer and is a serous membrane continuous with peritoneum

Question 38

The endometrium is divided into 2 layers what are they?

Answer 38

Functional layer =\> sloughed off at menstruation Basal layer =\> gives rise to new functional layer at next menstrual cycle

Question 39

The functional layer of the endometrium of the uterus undergoes continuous changes during the menstrual cycle.

Answer 39

Menstrual =\> when bleeding begins and ends (days 1-4) Proliferative (follicular/estrogenic) =\> estrogen acts on endometrium inducing regeneration of the functional layer Secretory =\> Progesterone prepares corpus luteum and endometrium for fertilized ovum implantation

Question 40

When fertilized ovum implantation does not occur, both the progesterone and estrogen level off 8-10 days after ovulation causing the onset of..?

Answer 40

Menstruation

Question 41

Cervix

Answer 41

mucous secretion for transportation of spermatozoa

Question 42

Endocervical canal

Answer 42

portion of uterus that links uterus to upper vagina

Question 43

What type of epithelium is present inside the vagina?

Answer 43

Stratified squamous non-keratinized