Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
3 layers of uterus (outermost > innermost)
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What area of the uterus does upper segment develop from
uterine body
What area of the uterine body does lower segment develop from
the area between cervix and uterus
What is the normal position of the uterus
Anteflexed and anteverted
What is the clinical significance of the posterior fornix?
Common site for spread of pathology because it is closely associated to the Pouch of Douglas [lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position (fluid collects)]. Culdocentesis
Eg ascites, tumor, endometriosis, pus
Name 4 ligaments that anchor uterus and cervix
Ligament of ovary
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Round ligament of uterus
Broad ligament
Which ligament is called the cardinal ligament of the uterus? other names of the cardinal ligament
Mackenrodt’s ligaments (other names):
lateral
transverse
Apart from pelvic fascia, what other structure in the pelvis is also an important support of the uterus
Round ligament
Cardinal ligaments
Pubocervical ligaments
Uterosacal ligament
What is embryological significance of the round-ligament? Where does it attach and insert?
remnant of embryonic gubernaculum
Originates from uterus and passes through the inguinal canal
Name 4 parts of fallopian tubes
Fimbriae, Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural/interstitial
Longest and widest part of fallopian tube
Ampulla
Fertilisation occurs in which part of the uterine tube
Ampulla
What is a cornual ectopic
implantation in interstitial part of fallopian tube
What are the 2 ligaments associated with the ovary
ligament of ovary
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Which ligament attaches from uterus to ovary
ligament of ovary
Which ligament attaches from ovary to lateral pelvic wall?
suspensory ligament of ovary
What are the 2 arteries that deliver blood supply to gonads and genitalia - 2 major branches from the aorta
Gonadal arteries
Internal iliac arteries
At what vertebral level do the gonadal arteries originate
L1-2
Drainage of the left gonadal vein
Into left renal vein > IVC
Drainage of right gonadal vein
IVC
At what level does the uterine artery cross over the ureter?
level of ischial spine
water under the bridge
Lymphatic drainage of fundus and upper uterine body
pre-aortic group of lymph nodes
Lymphatic drainage of most part of uterine body
External iliac LN
Lymphatic drainage of uterine cervix, upper vagina
internal iliac, sacral
Lymphatic drainage of lower vagina
superficial inguinal
The breast extends from __ rib to __ rib and horizontally from lateral border of sternum to ___ line
2-6 rib
Mid axillary line
Deep to the breasts are 3 muscles
Pec major, pec minor, serratus anterior
The breasts are supplied by branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries [3]
Internal thoracic artery
Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral thoracic artery
3 main groups of LN draining breast tissue
parasternal, axillary, supra-clavicular
4 functions of placenta
Gaseous exchange
Nutrient transfer
Excretion of waste products from fetus
Immunity: maternal IGg at transfer to fetus
When does placenta physiologically separate from uterine wall
Third stage of labour after delivery of fetus
How many umbilical arteries are there in a cross section of the umbilical cord
2
What is the function of umbilical arteries in fetal circulation
Carrying de-oxygenated blood to placenta
What is the function of umbilical veins in fetal circulation
Carrying oxygenated blood
Which umbilical vein persists during fetal criculation
umbilical vein > ligamentum teres
falciform ligament of liver
What is the name of the fascia that stretches between right and left sides of the pubic arch below the pubic symphysis
perineal membrane
What lies in the sub peritoneal space?
What lies in the deep perineal space/pouch?
Subperitoneal space - internal urethral sphincter
Deep perineal space - deep transverse perineal muscle, external urethral sphincter
What lies in the superficial perineal pouch/space?
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
What fascia separates the superficial and deep perineal space?
Perineal membrane
