female reproductive anatomy

Question 1

Course of the round liagment

Answer 1

uterine horns to deep inguinal ring to inguinal canal and mons pubis

Question 2

Embryological source of the round ligament

Answer 2

gubernaculum

Question 3

Vaginal prolapse >1cm below the introitus (grade of prolapse)

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Complete eversion of the vagina (Grade of prolapse)

Answer 4

4

Question 5

vagina within 1cm to the plan of the hymen (grade of prolapse)

Answer 5

2

Question 6

vagina >1cm above the hymen (grade of prolapse)

Answer 6

1

Question 7

contents of the broad ligament

Answer 7

uterine artery
vaginal artery
fallopian tubes
ovaries
round ligament
ovarian ligament
suspensory ligament

Question 8

Where is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

Answer 8

within the broad ligament

Question 9

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

Answer 9

Transports vessels and lymphatics of the ovary

Question 10

Ligaments of cervix and uterus

Answer 10

cardinal and uterosacral ligaments

Question 11

What are the attachments of the cardinal ligament?

Answer 11

Thickening of the broad ligament lateral to the cervix which fixes the cervix to the walls of the pelvis

Question 12

What are the attachments of the uterosacral ligaments?

Answer 12

posterior cervix to sacrum

Question 13

What are the attachments of the pubocervical ligaments?

Answer 13

cervix and upper vagina to pubic bones

Question 14

Sections of the fallopian tube

Answer 14

Infunfundibulum > ampulla> isthmus> uterus

Question 15

Contents of the deep perineal pouch in women

Answer 15

deep transverse perineal
external urethral sphincter
Compressor urethrae
sphincter urethrovaginalis

Question 16

Epithelial lining of the anal canal

Answer 16

Proximal = columnar epithelium (rectal mucosa)
Distal = squamous epithelium (anal mucosa)

Question 17

Embryological origin of the anal canal

Answer 17

upper 2/3 - hindgut (columnar epithelium)

lower 1/3 - anal pit (squamous epithelium)

Question 18

What does OASIS cover?

Answer 18

3rd and 4th degree tears of the perineum which includes anal sphincter and/or anorectal mucosa

Question 19

What is a rectal button hole tear?

Answer 19

Damage to anorectal mucosa without damage to the anal sphincters

Question 20

Uterus - blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, ligaments, histology, embryology

Answer 20

artery - uterine and ovary

vein - uterine veins to internal iliac (cardinal ligaments)

nerve - T10-l2 hypogastric nerve + parasympathetic S2-4

lymph - fundus to para-aortic, body to internal iliac

ligaments - cardinal, broad, uterosacral, pubocervical, transverse cervical, round

histology - endometrium (columnar epithelium), myometrium, perimetrium

embryology - paramesonephric ducts (mullerian ducts) - intermeadiate mesoderm

Question 21

cervix - blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, ligaments, histology, embryology

Answer 21

artery - uterine form internal iliac

vein - uterine to internal iliac

nerve - T10-l2 hypogastric nerve + parasympathetic S2-4

lymph - posterolateral- internal iliac, anterolateral -external iliac

ligaments - cardinal, broad, uterosacral, pubocervical, transverse cervical

histology - endocervix - columnar, ectocervix - non-keratinised squamous

embryology - urogenital canal, paramesonephric ducts (mullerian ducts) - intermeadiate mesoderm

Question 22

vagina - blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, liagments, histology, embryology

Answer 22

artery - upper 2/third uterine and lower 1/3 vagina (from internal iliac)

vein - uterovaginal to internal iliac

nerve - T10-l2 hypogastric nerve + parasympathetic S2-4

lymph - upper 2/3 internal iliac, lower 1/3 superficial inguinal

ligaments - uterosacral and cardinal

histology - non-keratinised squamous

embryology - vaginal plate, urogenital sinus (vestible of the vagina- bartholin cyst), paramesonephric ducts (mullerian ducts) - intermeadiate mesoderm

Question 23

ovary - blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, liagments, histology, embryology

Answer 23

artery - ovarian artery from abdominal aorta

vein - right ovarian vein to the IVC, left ovarian vein to the left renal vein to the IVC

nerve - ovarian plexus

lymph - paraortic lymph nodes

ligaments - ovarian (to uterus), broad ligament (overlying mesovarium), suspensory (infundibulopelvic - ligament to lateral abdominal wall)

histology - outer germinal epithelium (squamous to columnar) + follicular + granulosa

embryology - mesoderm

Question 24

bladder- blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, histology, embryology

Answer 24

artery - superior and inferior vesicle artery, vaginal artery, umbilical

vein - vesical venous plexus to external iliac vein

nerve - sympathetic (T12-L2 hypogastric nerve), parasympathetic (splanchnic S2-S4), pudendal nerve (s2-4)

lymph - external iliac

histology - serous membrane>detrusor>submucosa>lamina propria> transitional epithelium

embryology - urogenital sinus - part of the cloaca (endoderm)

Question 25

What does the mesonephros develop from?

Answer 25

the pronephros from the intermeadiate mesoderm - it eventually forms the gonads

Question 26

What does the kidney and ureters develop from?

Answer 26

metanephros (medial to the mesonephros or wollfian duct)