female reproductive anatomy Flashcards
Course of the round liagment
uterine horns to deep inguinal ring to inguinal canal and mons pubis
Embryological source of the round ligament
gubernaculum
Vaginal prolapse >1cm below the introitus (grade of prolapse)
3
Complete eversion of the vagina (Grade of prolapse)
4
vagina within 1cm to the plan of the hymen (grade of prolapse)
2
vagina >1cm above the hymen (grade of prolapse)
1
contents of the broad ligament
uterine artery vaginal artery fallopian tubes ovaries round ligament ovarian ligament suspensory ligament
Where is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
within the broad ligament
What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
Transports vessels and lymphatics of the ovary
Ligaments of cervix and uterus
cardinal and uterosacral ligaments
What are the attachments of the cardinal ligament?
Thickening of the broad ligament lateral to the cervix which fixes the cervix to the walls of the pelvis
What are the attachments of the uterosacral ligaments?
posterior cervix to sacrum
What are the attachments of the pubocervical ligaments?
cervix and upper vagina to pubic bones
Sections of the fallopian tube
Infunfundibulum > ampulla> isthmus> uterus
Contents of the deep perineal pouch in women
deep transverse perineal
external urethral sphincter
Compressor urethrae
sphincter urethrovaginalis
Epithelial lining of the anal canal
Proximal = columnar epithelium (rectal mucosa) Distal = squamous epithelium (anal mucosa)
Embryological origin of the anal canal
upper 2/3 - hindgut (columnar epithelium)
lower 1/3 - anal pit (squamous epithelium)
What does OASIS cover?
3rd and 4th degree tears of the perineum which includes anal sphincter and/or anorectal mucosa
What is a rectal button hole tear?
Damage to anorectal mucosa without damage to the anal sphincters
Uterus - blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, ligaments, histology, embryology
artery - uterine and ovary
vein - uterine veins to internal iliac (cardinal ligaments)
nerve - T10-l2 hypogastric nerve + parasympathetic S2-4
lymph - fundus to para-aortic, body to internal iliac
ligaments - cardinal, broad, uterosacral, pubocervical, transverse cervical, round
histology - endometrium (columnar epithelium), myometrium, perimetrium
embryology - paramesonephric ducts (mullerian ducts) - intermeadiate mesoderm
cervix - blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, ligaments, histology, embryology
artery - uterine form internal iliac
vein - uterine to internal iliac
nerve - T10-l2 hypogastric nerve + parasympathetic S2-4
lymph - posterolateral- internal iliac, anterolateral -external iliac
ligaments - cardinal, broad, uterosacral, pubocervical, transverse cervical
histology - endocervix - columnar, ectocervix - non-keratinised squamous
embryology - urogenital canal, paramesonephric ducts (mullerian ducts) - intermeadiate mesoderm
vagina - blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, liagments, histology, embryology
artery - upper 2/third uterine and lower 1/3 vagina (from internal iliac)
vein - uterovaginal to internal iliac
nerve - T10-l2 hypogastric nerve + parasympathetic S2-4
lymph - upper 2/3 internal iliac, lower 1/3 superficial inguinal
ligaments - uterosacral and cardinal
histology - non-keratinised squamous
embryology - vaginal plate, urogenital sinus (vestible of the vagina- bartholin cyst), paramesonephric ducts (mullerian ducts) - intermeadiate mesoderm
ovary - blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, liagments, histology, embryology
artery - ovarian artery from abdominal aorta
vein - right ovarian vein to the IVC, left ovarian vein to the left renal vein to the IVC
nerve - ovarian plexus
lymph - paraortic lymph nodes
ligaments - ovarian (to uterus), broad ligament (overlying mesovarium), suspensory (infundibulopelvic - ligament to lateral abdominal wall)
histology - outer germinal epithelium (squamous to columnar) + follicular + granulosa
embryology - mesoderm
bladder- blood (artery and vein), nerve, lymph, histology, embryology
artery - superior and inferior vesicle artery, vaginal artery, umbilical
vein - vesical venous plexus to external iliac vein
nerve - sympathetic (T12-L2 hypogastric nerve), parasympathetic (splanchnic S2-S4), pudendal nerve (s2-4)
lymph - external iliac
histology - serous membrane>detrusor>submucosa>lamina propria> transitional epithelium
embryology - urogenital sinus - part of the cloaca (endoderm)
What does the mesonephros develop from?
the pronephros from the intermeadiate mesoderm - it eventually forms the gonads
What does the kidney and ureters develop from?
metanephros (medial to the mesonephros or wollfian duct)
