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Reproductive > Female Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Relative locations of vagina and urethra

A

Vagina is posterior to urethra

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2
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Attaches to symphesis pubis, coccyx, covers inferior aspect of pelvis

Muscle fibers

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3
Q

Which muscle fibers make up the pelvic diaphragm?
1)
2)
3)

A

Levator ani:

1) Puborectalis
2) Pubococcygeus
3) Iliococcygeus

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4
Q

Roles of the pelvic diaphragm
1)
2)

A

1) Support viscera inferiorally

2) Provide attachments for external genitalia

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5
Q

Role of puborectalis

A

Tonically contracted

Makes a kink at the anorectal junction, helps maintain faecal continance

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6
Q

Divisions of pelvic diaphragm
1)
2)

A

1) Urogenital triangle

2) Anal triangle

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7
Q

Holes in the pelvic diaphragm
1)
2)

A

1) Urogenital hiatus

2) Anal apeture

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8
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Fibrous membrane, covers the superficial aspect of the urogenital triangle of the pelvic diaphragm

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9
Q

Which part of the superficial pelvic diaphragm does the perineal membrane cover?

A

The urogenital triangle (anterior)

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10
Q

What is the perineal pouch?

A

The space between the perineal membrane (inferiorally) and the and the urogenital hiatus (superiorally)

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11
Q

Where is the perineal pouch?

A

Superior to the perineal membrane

Inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

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12
Q

What is in the perineal pouch?

A

Skeletal sphincters for the anus and vagina

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13
Q

Which structures can be injured during childbirth?
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Perineum
2) Levator ani
3) Perineal fascia

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14
Q

Muscles of the levator ani most often torn during childbirth

A

Puborectalis

Pubococcygeus

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15
Q

What are the possible effects of damaged puborectalis and pubococcygeus?
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Urinary stress incontinence
2) Prolapse of uterus
3) Faecal incontinence

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16
Q

Which ligaments attach to the fundus of the uterus?

A

Round ligaments

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17
Q

What is the uterus?

A

Thick-walled, muscular organ

facilitates development of embryo and foetus

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18
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Inner lining of uterus that supports pregnancy

Shed during menstrual cycle if no conception occurs

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19
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Inferior aspect of uterus

Opens inferiorally into vagina

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20
Q

Where is the uterus best supported?

A

At the cervix

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21
Q

What is another name for the Fallopian tubes?

A

Uterine tubes

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22
Q

Where do the uterine tubes project from the uterus?

A

Laterally, open posteriorally into the peritoneal cavity

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23
Q

How do the uterine tubes interact with the ovaries?

A

Project laterally, posteriorally open into the peritoneal cavity

Fimbriated infundibulum facilitates the collection of oocytes

DO NOT DIRECTLY CONNECT WITH OVARIES

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24
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Thick-walled, muscular tube

Receives penis and ejaculate

Passage for menses, birth canal

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25
Q

Parts of the uterine tubes

A 
(Cervix)
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Fimbriae
(Ovaries)

Often Friends Inside An Igloo Cry

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26
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted relative to the vagina

Anteflexed relative to the bladder

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27
Q

Where does the cervix open into?

A

The anterior wall of the vagina

28
Q

What is retroversion?

A

Where the uterus points posteriorally over the colon, rather than anteirorally over the bladder

29
Q

What is a retroverted uterus more likely to do?

A

Prolapse

30
Q

What is the angle of anteversion?

A

Angle between the cervix and vagina

31
Q

What is the angle of anteflexion?

A

Angle between the fundus of the uterus and the rest of the uterus

32
Q

What are the vaginal fornices?

A

Pouches formed by the protrusion of the cervix into the vagina

Anterior fornix and posterior fornix

33
Q

Significance of posterior fornix

A

Very close to rectouterine pouch

34
Q

Are the ovaries retro- or intraperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

35
Q

Where does fertilisation most often occur?

A

Mid- to lateral Fallopian tube

Ampulla

36
Q

What attaches the ovaries to the uterus?

A

The ligament of ovary

37
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

Adjacent to the lateral wall of the pelvis in the peritoneal cavity.

Posterior to the broad ligament

38
Q

Role of ovaries

A

Release an oocyte every menstrual cycle between puberty and menopause

39
Q

Parts of the uterine wall

A 
Myometrium
Endometrium (closer to lumen)
40
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Oocyte implants somewhere other than uterus

Most dangerous in Fallopian tube - very vascular, lots of haemorrhaging when ruptured

41
Q

What does ‘vesico-‘ refer to?

A

Bladder

42
Q

Blood supply of the ovaries, uterus, vagina

A

Ovarian vessels
Uterine vessels
Vaginal vessels

43
Q

Where do the uterine and vaginal vessels originate?

A

The internal iliac arteries

44
Q

Where do the ovarian vessels originate?

A

Abdominal aorta

45
Q

Where does the placenta form and derive blood supply?

A

Where implantation occurs

46
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Folds of peritoneum over the uterine tubes, join inferiorally to uterine tubes

47
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of ovary?

A

Folds of peritoneum over ovarian vessels

48
Q

What are peritoneal folds?

A

Folds of the peritoneum over pelvic viscera

49
Q

Where can fluid accumulate in effusion?

A

Vesicouterine, rectouterine pouches

50
Q

In which position can fluid accumulate in vesicouterine, rectouterine pouches?

A

Supine position

51
Q

Which structues separate the fundus and body of the uterus?

A

Fallopian tubes

52
Q

From which side does the rectum receive the sigmoid colon?

A

The left side

53
Q

Which structures form the roots for the female external genitalia?

A

Pubic arch

Perineal membrane

54
Q

Structures forming female erectile tissue

A

1) Two corpora cavernosa
2) Two bulbs of vestibule
3) Glans clitoris in between pairs of corpora cavernosa and bulbs of vestibule

55
Q

Role of greater vestibular glands

A

Secrete mucus during arousal into vestibule

56
Q

Structure of external female genitalia
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Glans clitoris
2) Underneath labia majora are bulbs of vestibule
3) Greater vestibular glands attach posteriorally to bulbs of vestibule

57
Q

Location of bulbospongiosus muscles

A

From anterior to clitoris to perineal body (posterior to vagina)

58
Q

Location of ischiocavernosus muscles

A

Along pubis

59
Q

Muscle running along pubis, anterior to vagina

A

Ischiocavernosus muscles

60
Q

Muscles surrounding vagina

A

Bulbospongiosus muscles

61
Q

What makes up vulva and pudendum?

A

Erectile tissue and overlying skin

62
Q

What are the two folds of skin either side of the midline in vagina?

A

Labia minora

63
Q

Location of labia minora

A

Two folds of skin, either side of the midline

64
Q

Where is the vestibule

A

Between labia minora

Includes vagina and urethra

65
Q

Where do the labia minora join?

A

Glans clitoris

66
Q

Orientation of vestibular glands and vestibular bulbs

A

Vestibular glands attach to inferior aspect of vestibular bulbs

Reproductive (5 decks)

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