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Reproductive Anatomy > Female Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the peritoneum that surrounds the tract

A
  • connective tissue
  • protects the tract
  • continuous with broad ligament
  • connects whole tract and suspends it within abdomen
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2
Q

What are the sections within the peritoneum?

A
  • serosa
  • muscularis
  • mucosa/submucosa
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3
Q

Where does the peritoneum sit continuously with the broad ligament?

A

on ovary on anterior part of vagina dorsally

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4
Q

Describe the serosa in the peritoneum

A

connective tissue to protect

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5
Q

Describe the muscularis in the peritoneum

A

circular and longitudinal muscles

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6
Q

Describe the mucosa/submucosa in the peritoneum

A

mucosa - lines lumen, consists of epithelial cells
submucosa - blood supply, nerves

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7
Q

Describe the perineum

A
  • region around anus and vulva
  • section of skin sits between the two
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8
Q

Describe the vulva

A
  • swells when in heat
  • external genitalia
  • consists of labia and inner vulva
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9
Q

Describe the labia and its function

A
  • prevents foreign bodies entering
  • right and left labia held in tight apposition together by vulval constrictor muscles
  • sweat glands and hair follicles present
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10
Q

What is the name of the area where the labia meet?

A

dorsal and ventral chalmysra

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11
Q

Describe the inner vulva

A
  • continuous with vagina
  • clitoral fossa is ventral and contains erectile tissue
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12
Q

Describe winking in horses

A

inversion of labia to show clitoris when sexually receptive

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13
Q

Describe the vagina

A
  • copulatory organ
  • involved in urine expulsion
  • rests on ischium of pelvis in good anatomy
  • mucus secretion
  • protective role
  • thickness of tissue controlled by cycle & endocrine
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14
Q

Where does the urethra open into?

A

caudal aspect of vagina

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15
Q

Describe the cranial/anterior vagina

A
  • columnar epithelial cells
  • tall cells, often ciliated, some secretory properties
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16
Q

Describe the caudal/posterior/vestibular vagina

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • common to urinary and genital systems
  • unciliated cells
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17
Q

Describe the mucus production in the cranial vagina

A
  • flushes out pathogens
  • production and type controlled by oestrus, more during receptivity
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18
Q

Describe the cervix

A
  • sphincter muscle with high collagen content
  • protects uterus from pathogens
  • varied structure between species
  • barrier to sperm
  • tone and mucus controlled by cycle
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19
Q

In which species does the cervix protrude into the vagina?

A
  • cow
  • mare
  • bitch
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20
Q

Describe annular rings and in which species they are present

A
  • cow, ewe, sow
  • interlocking projections which help in projection
  • annular rings more tightly packed/projections more interlocked in sow
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21
Q

In which species are there multiple cervical folds and describe them

A
  • mare
  • in line with the uterus
  • often carry on up and into the uterus
22
Q

Describe the structure of the cervix in the bitch and queen

A
  • similar to mare
  • still have a thickening just no folds
23
Q

What tone is the cervix in oestrus, dioestrus and anoestrus?

A
  • oestrus - pink
  • dioestrus - white
  • anoestrus - white
24
Q

Describe cervical mucus in the oestrus stage

A

thinner and more sterile

25
Q

Describe the position of the vagina in good anatomy

A

naturally collapses in vestibular region

26
Q

When does the cervix tightly close?

A

dioestrus and pregnancy

27
Q

What are the 3 tract seals for tract saftey?

A
  • vulva
  • vagina on ischium of pelvis
  • cervix
28
Q

Describe the vulval tract seal

A

labia in tight apposition

29
Q

Describe the vaginal tract seal

A
  • walls collapse creating a seal
  • also called vestibular seal
30
Q

Describe the cervical tract seal

A

tight sphincter

31
Q

What is seal competency affected by?

A

oestrus cycle and conformation

32
Q

Why is seal commonly poor in mares?

A

selective breeding for athleticism

33
Q

Describe vulval seal incompentency in mares

A
  • anus sunken
  • faeces can enter vagina in defacation
  • vagina doesn’t collapse properly onto ischium
  • odd angle of vagina so urine cannot drain
34
Q

What is the procedure for sunken anatomy in mares?

A
  • operations can prevent faecal contamination - vagina sown with gap at bottom for urination, can be taken out for parturition
  • Caslick index - if uterine angle more than 150 degrees then operation required
35
Q

Describe the duplex uterus and give an example species

A
  • rabbit
  • 2 cervixes creates 2 separate uterine horns
  • ## no uterine body
36
Q

Describe a bipartite uterus and give example species

A
  • sow, bitch, queen
  • small uterine body and longer uterine horns
37
Q

Describe bicornuate uterus and give example species

A
  • cow, ewe, mare
  • horns are shorter, longer body
  • septum arises from horns and comes down into body of uterus
38
Q

Describe the mare bicornuate uterus

A

body usually longer than horns, 60:40 split

39
Q

Describe simplex uterus and give an example species

A
  • primates
  • one cervix
  • uterus mainly body and no horns
40
Q

What is the split of uterine body to horns ratio dependent on?

A

size of litter

41
Q

What are the 3 tissue layers in the uterus?

A
  • perimetrium (serosa)
  • myometrium (muscularis)
  • endometrium
42
Q

What is the perimetrium layer in the uterus

A

protective layer

43
Q

Describe the myometrium layer in the uterus

A

2 layers of muscle:
- circular
- longitudinal

44
Q

What are the 2 subsections of the uterine endometrium?

A

submucosa (stroma)
mucosa (epithelium)

45
Q

Describe the submucosa section of the uterine endometrium

A

blood and nerves

46
Q

Describe the mucosal layer in the uterine endometrium

A
  • endometrial glands
  • endometrial folds (sow, mare) - area of placental attachment
  • caruncles (ruminants) - area of placental attachment
47
Q

Where is semen deposited in each of the main species?

A
  • dog - cranial vagina
  • tom, bull - vagina
  • ram - vagina, close to cervix entrance
  • stallion - cervix and uterus
  • boar - cervix, dorsal-uterine end, sometimes uterus
48
Q

Describe the fallopian tubes

A
  • utero-tubular junction
  • called oviducts
  • found within mesometrium
  • covers site of ovulation in mare
49
Q

What are the 3 regions within the fallopian tubes?

A
  • isthmus
  • ampulla
  • infundibulum
50
Q

Describe the isthmus layer of oviducts

A
  • thick muscular layer
  • mainly secretory cells
51
Q

Describe the ampulla region of oviducts

A
  • mucosal folds
  • secretory and ciliated cells
52
Q

Describe the infundibulum region of the oviduct

A
  • funnel shape
  • mucosal folds
  • secretory and ciliated cells
  • closest to ovary
  • covers surface of ovary in cow, sow, pig

Reproductive Anatomy (10 decks)

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