Female reproductive Flashcards
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Occurs within 1st few years of menarche
Elevated prostaglandin
Can affect school and work
Secondary Dysmenorrhea
Most common 30-40 years of age
Related to pathology or disease that affect uterus ad pelvic area
Endometriosis
Cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids
PCOS
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) or Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
Patterns of abnormal bleeding Amenorrhea Oligomenorrhea Menorrhagia Metrorrhagia Menometrorrhagia Postmenopausal bleeding
Risk Factors for Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Stress
Extreme weight changes
Use of oral contraception
Hormonal imbalances
Endometriosis
1 leading cause of gynecologic pelvic pain
Occurs in 7-10% of women in the U.S
Presence of endometrial mucosa implanted in places other than uterine cavity
Tissue response to normal hormonal cycle
bleeding
Risk Factors for Endometriosis
Delayed childbearing Long menses Short menstrual cycle Early menarche Family history (tenfold increase in incidence) Iron deficiency
Endometriosis Clinical Manifestations
New onset dysmenorrhea Dyspareunia Pain with urination and bowel movements Wide range of symptoms and severity Years of infertility may be clue
Endometriosis Management
Depends on if client would like to get pregnant
Drug Therapy
NSAIDS
Oral contraceptives
Danazol (Danocrine)
GnRH agonist
Surgery
Laparotomy to remove implanted tissue and adhesions
Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO)
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Most common cause of anovulation abnormal uterine bleeding
Most common endocrine disorder among reproductive aged women
Criteria for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Hyperandrogenism
Ovarian dysfunction
Exclusion of other androgen excess or related disorders
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Increased risk of infertility Type 2 diabetes Dyfunctional uterine bleeding Dyslipidemia Hypertension Cardiovascular disease Obesity
Perimenopause
Time where reproductive function gradually ceases
Menopause
Physiologic cessation of menses
Associated with declining ovarian function
Complete after 1 year of amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
Menopause Physiology/Etiology
US: Average age 52 (varies between 40-58)
Marks natural biological end to fertility
Diminished estrogen and progesterone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) rise
Luteinizing hormone (LH) rise
Vaginal pH rise
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Women’s Health Initiative
Increased risk of breast cancer
Increased risk for blood clots
Decreased risk for osteoporosis
Discuss with Physician collaboratively
