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Withrow > Female Repro System > Flashcards

Female Repro System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovarian tumours are uncommon in the dog and the cat. Which dog breeds appear to have predilection?

A

German Shepherd Dog, Boxers, Yorkies, Poodles, and Boston Terriers

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2
Q

What are the 4 main types of the tumours found in the ovary?

A

Epithelial, germ cell, sex cord, and mesenchymal

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3
Q

Which type of the tumour is most commonly found in the ovary?

A

Epithelial –> adenocarcinoma

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4
Q

Where are epithelial tumours of the ovary located? laterality? malignancy?

A

It’s the cortex –> outer surface of the ovary
- most likely unilateral
- most likely malignant, esp if large in size

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5
Q

What’s the metastatic rate of ovarian adenocarcinoma?

A

48%

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6
Q

Where do ovarian adenocarcinoma met to?

A

Peritoneal space, intrabdominal LNs, omentum, liver
Direct cell implantation can lead to effusion and carcinomatosis

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7
Q

HBME-1 (Hector Battifora mesothelial epitope) is used to diagnose which tumour?

A

epithelial ovarian tumours

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8
Q

Inhibin-alpha (INH-alpha) is a sensitive and specific marker for which tumour type?

A

granulosa-theca cell tumour (GTCT)

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9
Q

What is the 2nd most common tumour type in the canine ovary?

A

sex cord stormal tumour –> specifically GTCT

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10
Q

Which ovarian tumours has the potential to be “functional”?

A

sex cord stromal tumours arise from estrogen and progesterone producing gonadal stroma

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11
Q

What is the metastatic rate of GTCT?

A

20%

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12
Q

Where does GTCT metastasisze to?

A

sublumbar LNs, pancreas, lungs
peritoneal carcinomatosis in some cases

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13
Q

Which sex cord stromal cells are more likely to be bilateral?

A

Sertoli-Leydig tumors

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14
Q

Which ovary tumour commonly has concomitant cystic endometrial hyperplasia and cysts in the contralateral ovary?

A

sex cord stromal tumour
can also be noted in germ cell tumours (with pyometra)

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15
Q

HBME-1 should be negative in which tumour type?

A

sex cord stromal tumour

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16
Q

What is the reported metastatic rate of dysgerminomas/ ovarian seminoma?

A

10-30%

17
Q

What are some examples of germ cell tumors in the ovary?

A

dysgerminomas, teratomas, malignant teratomas –> arise from primordial germ cells of the ovary

18
Q

Where do germ cell tumours metastasize to?

A

LNs, liver, kidney, omentum, pancreas, and adrenal glands

19
Q

What is the met rate of malignant teratoms? where does it met to?

A

50%
peritoneal and carcinomatosis = most common, distant visceral met possible too

20
Q

What is the most common feline ovarian tumour?

A

sex cord stromal tumour –> majority = GTCT

21
Q

What’s the least common feline ovarian tumour?

A

epithelial tumours –> adenocarcinoma

22
Q

What’s the pathophysiology of feline germ cell tumours?

A
  • rare
  • dysgerminoma = most common
  • generally considered benign
  • met has been reported 20-33%
23
Q

What’s the pathophysiology of feline GTCT?

A
  • 50% = malignant
  • can met to peritoneum, regional LNs, omentum, diaphragm, kidney, spleen, liver, and lungs
24
Q

What are some signs of hyperestrogeneism?

A
  • vulvar enlargement
  • sanguineous vulvar discharge
  • persistent estrus
  • alopecia
  • aplastic pancytopenia
25
Q

What are some signs of excessive progesterone production?

A
  • cystic endometrial hyperplasia
  • pyometra
26
Q

What are some signs of feline ovarian tumour?

A

Space-occupying mass:
- weight loss
- lethargy
- vomiting
- ascites
- abdominal distension

27
Q

What diagnostic tests can be done for ovarian tumours?

A

mostly normal, but one paraneoplastic hypercalcemia has been reported in a dog with ovarian adenocarcinoma

28
Q

What features are typically noted on ultrasound of the ovary?

A
  • solid, solid with cysts, or cystic
  • malignant tumours are more likely to be large and solid
29
Q

How often can concurrent abnormalities in the uterus be noted?

A

about 50%
- endometrial hyperplasia
- pyometra

30
Q

How accurate is cytological diagnosis of ovarian tumours?

A

94.7% consistent with histology?

31
Q

Should FNA be done for ovarian tumours?

A

No, high risk of seeding
ok to collect peritoneal fluids

32
Q

What’s the treatment of choice for benign or localized malignant ovary tumour?

A

surgery – complete OHE

33
Q

What’s the role of chemotherapy and RT?

A

undefined due to sparse info available
- intraperitoneal chemo (platinum drugs) can be considered for those with effusion/ carcinomatosis

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