Female Repro System Flashcards
Ovarian tumours are uncommon in the dog and the cat. Which dog breeds appear to have predilection?
German Shepherd Dog, Boxers, Yorkies, Poodles, and Boston Terriers
What are the 4 main types of the tumours found in the ovary?
Epithelial, germ cell, sex cord, and mesenchymal
Which type of the tumour is most commonly found in the ovary?
Epithelial –> adenocarcinoma
Where are epithelial tumours of the ovary located? laterality? malignancy?
It’s the cortex –> outer surface of the ovary
- most likely unilateral
- most likely malignant, esp if large in size
What’s the metastatic rate of ovarian adenocarcinoma?
48%
Where do ovarian adenocarcinoma met to?
Peritoneal space, intrabdominal LNs, omentum, liver
Direct cell implantation can lead to effusion and carcinomatosis
HBME-1 (Hector Battifora mesothelial epitope) is used to diagnose which tumour?
epithelial ovarian tumours
Inhibin-alpha (INH-alpha) is a sensitive and specific marker for which tumour type?
granulosa-theca cell tumour (GTCT)
What is the 2nd most common tumour type in the canine ovary?
sex cord stormal tumour –> specifically GTCT
Which ovarian tumours has the potential to be “functional”?
sex cord stromal tumours arise from estrogen and progesterone producing gonadal stroma
What is the metastatic rate of GTCT?
20%
Where does GTCT metastasisze to?
sublumbar LNs, pancreas, lungs
peritoneal carcinomatosis in some cases
Which sex cord stromal cells are more likely to be bilateral?
Sertoli-Leydig tumors
Which ovary tumour commonly has concomitant cystic endometrial hyperplasia and cysts in the contralateral ovary?
sex cord stromal tumour
can also be noted in germ cell tumours (with pyometra)
HBME-1 should be negative in which tumour type?
sex cord stromal tumour
What is the reported metastatic rate of dysgerminomas/ ovarian seminoma?
10-30%
What are some examples of germ cell tumors in the ovary?
dysgerminomas, teratomas, malignant teratomas –> arise from primordial germ cells of the ovary
Where do germ cell tumours metastasize to?
LNs, liver, kidney, omentum, pancreas, and adrenal glands
What is the met rate of malignant teratoms? where does it met to?
50%
peritoneal and carcinomatosis = most common, distant visceral met possible too
What is the most common feline ovarian tumour?
sex cord stromal tumour –> majority = GTCT
What’s the least common feline ovarian tumour?
epithelial tumours –> adenocarcinoma
What’s the pathophysiology of feline germ cell tumours?
- rare
- dysgerminoma = most common
- generally considered benign
- met has been reported 20-33%
What’s the pathophysiology of feline GTCT?
- 50% = malignant
- can met to peritoneum, regional LNs, omentum, diaphragm, kidney, spleen, liver, and lungs
What are some signs of hyperestrogeneism?
- vulvar enlargement
- sanguineous vulvar discharge
- persistent estrus
- alopecia
- aplastic pancytopenia
What are some signs of excessive progesterone production?
- cystic endometrial hyperplasia
- pyometra
What are some signs of feline ovarian tumour?
Space-occupying mass:
- weight loss
- lethargy
- vomiting
- ascites
- abdominal distension
What diagnostic tests can be done for ovarian tumours?
mostly normal, but one paraneoplastic hypercalcemia has been reported in a dog with ovarian adenocarcinoma
What features are typically noted on ultrasound of the ovary?
- solid, solid with cysts, or cystic
- malignant tumours are more likely to be large and solid
How often can concurrent abnormalities in the uterus be noted?
about 50%
- endometrial hyperplasia
- pyometra
How accurate is cytological diagnosis of ovarian tumours?
94.7% consistent with histology?
Should FNA be done for ovarian tumours?
No, high risk of seeding
ok to collect peritoneal fluids
What’s the treatment of choice for benign or localized malignant ovary tumour?
surgery – complete OHE
What’s the role of chemotherapy and RT?
undefined due to sparse info available
- intraperitoneal chemo (platinum drugs) can be considered for those with effusion/ carcinomatosis
