Female Repro Flashcards
Gametogenesis produces
Hormones secreted (3)
Female repro system is ___ and maintains
oocytes
Estadiol, progesterone, inhibin
cyclical, fetus
Medulla is the site of entry for
Cortex contains
covered by
Follicle is the
consists of a ___ surrounded by a sphere of
blood vessels, nerves, stromal cells
germ cells encolsed in a follice, corora lutea and stroma
tunica albuginea, and a layer of epithelial cells
fundamental repro unit
germ cells, endocrine cells
Ovarian function in oogenesis is to develop
secretes hormones req to maintain the
this includes
female gametes (ova)
repro system, fetus (until it can survive alone)
estrogens, progestogens, androgens
Gametogenesis 1st stage ____ produces
replication of DNA is followed by division into 2 ___ each w ___ chromosomes (23n)
2nd stage is ____ yielding 4 ___ in males, ___ in f
1st meiotic division starts w ____, pairing homologous chromos & ____ (recomb)
2 daugter cells receive __ chromos
mitosis, 2 identical daughter cells
2 daughter cells, 23 pairs
meiosis, haploid gametes, 1
DNA replication, crossing over
23 duplicate chromos (23n)
2nd meiotic div is ___, similar to mitosis but no
division yields 2 haploid ____ w 23 chromos each (n)
Mitosis begins in the ___ wk of fetal life, as __ are produced by mitosis of the
ends around ___ wks, when ___ are maximal
from this point on, ____ new germ cells are created
reductional, DNA rep
granddaughter cells
5-6, oogonia, primordial germ cells
20, oocytes, (7 mil)
miminmal
Meiosis is 2 div producing 1___
oocytes begin 1st meiotic div bw ___ w of fetal life and ___
1st meiotic div arrested in
primary oocytes remian in prophase 1 ___
starting at puberty, preovulatory ___ of menstrual cycle triggers resumption of meiosis in the dominant follicle
results in ___ which gets all cytoplasm and is ___ a day later, known as
Bw puberty/menopause, meiosis resumes in the 4-500 oocytes ovulated when they are bw ____ yrs old
gamete
8th and shortly after birth
prophase 1
throughout childhood
LH surge
secondary oocyte, ovulated, 1st polar body
12-50
In the oocyte that is ovulated, the ___ is also arrested in ____
2nd meiotic div is almost never complete because it is triggered by ___
this yields 1 haploid gamete and
primary oocytes arrested in prophase 1 for
bw puberty/menopause each LH surge triggers completion of _____ in the preovulatory follicle, yeileding ____
Lh surge also initiiates ____ which arrests in
secondary oocyte is then
2nd meiotic div, metaphase 2
fertilization
2nd polar body
12-50 yrs
1st meiotic div, 1 daughter cell and 1st polar body
2nd meiotic div, metaphase 2
ovulated
Oocytes degenerated called
occurs at ___
max #___ at __ wks fetal life
only ___ left at birth
at onset of puberty, ___ left
about 400 ovulated bw ____ yrs of age
at menopause, less than __ left
atresia
any stage
7mil, 20
2 mil
300,000
15-50 yrs
1000
Folliculogenesis- primordial follicles formed when ____ is surrounded by
primordial follicles are
cohorts of ___ randomly enter th ___ and develop into
___ type cells
this is a full sized ___ w ____
minimal pituitary ___ support required
depends on ___ paracrine factors
primary oocyte, epithelial cells
dormant
primordial follicles, growing pool, primary follicles
cuboidal granulosa
oocyte, zona pellucida
gonadotropin
intraovarian
Granulosa cells multiply&secrete inc amount of ___ aromatized from ___ and ___ a protein hormone that inhibits
___ is req for formation of an outside layer of
__and___ postpubertally stimulate antrum formation and formation of ____
___(preov follicle) is ___ and produced at ___ per cycle
Ovulation caused by ___surges
completion of the ___ and extrudes the ___
Follicular rupture/release of __ and cumulus granulosa cells into
forms ___, w progression of oocyte into ____ (2nd meiotic div)
estradiol, thecal androgen/inhibin, FSH
FSH, theca cells
LH/FSH, secondary follicles
Graafian, fully mature/1
LH/FSH
1st meiotic div, 1st polar body
oocyte, peritoneal cavity
corpus luteum, metaphase 2
Corpus luteum differentiates from ___ after ovulation
both ___&___ luteinize
secretes (3) w some
Lasts __ days in a non fertile cycle, after which leads to ___ or luteolysis
__ dependent, formed by __ surge, sustained by __ LH levels
LH receptors gradually ___ (regress)
if preg occur, ___ an LH like hormone secreted by the __ rescues the CL
ruptured follcle
granulosa/theca cells
estadiol/progesterone/inhibin, androstenedione
14, regression
LH, LH, basal luteal phase
dec
hCG, trophoblast
Ovarian steroid hormone biosyn begins w (similar to path in __/__)
Rate limiting enzyme catalyzes __, for ___ (CYP11a1)
___ the major estrogen is secreted by __ and aromatized from ___
progesterone is secreted by ___ used as an indicator for
andro/testo secreted by
majority aromatized to __ by the granulosa cells
stimulates growth of __ and
cholesterol, adrenals/testes
1st step, side chain cleavage
estradiol, granulosa cells, thecal androgen
CL, ovulation
theca/interstital cells
estradiol
pubic/axillary hair, libido
LH acts on ___ to stimulate androstenedione synth
___ diffues to granulosa
FSH stimulates ___, converting ___ to estradiol (E2)
this stimulates _and__ receptors, __ formation, ___ receptors on granulosa cells of ___
theca cells
Androstenedione
aromatase
androstenedione/testo
E2/FSH, antrum, LH receptors, preovulatory follicles
Repro Fxns of estradiol
S Growth/maintain \_\_\_ Growth of ducts in Increase \_\_\_ of oviducts/uterus Induces P receptors in \_\_\_ and FSH/LH/E receptors in \+/- feedback actions on
secondary sex characteristics female repro tract, accesory tissues mammary glands contractility brain/uterus/oviduct, ovary LH/FSH secretion
Nonrepro fxn of estradiol
Stimulates ___, dec ___ closing of the ___ at puberty
In liver, dec metabolism of ____, dec serum ___, inc ___/dec ___
In CNS it is ___, enhancing
In adipose, ____
In integument, maintains
In CV system, ___ to inc NO prod
bone growth, bone resorp, epiphyses
circulating steroid binding proteins, cholesterol, HDL/LDL
neuroprotective, learning/memory/mood
lipolytic
healthy skin
VD
