Female Repro Flashcards
What is the difference between the true and false pelvis?
False Pelvis outlined by iliac crest, Ala of Ilium and Pelvic brim.
True Pelvis outlined by Pelvic brim down to obturator membrane, pelvic diaphragm (elevator ani) and perineum.
*True pelvis = Region of internal genitalia = Above pelvic diaphragm
Label these parts of the bony pelvis
- Sacrum
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Coccyx
- Pubis
- Pubic Symphysis
What are the anterior, lateral and posterior borders of the pelvic inlet?
Anterior - Pubic Symphysis
Lateral -iliopectineal Line
Posterior - Sacral Promontory
What are the anterior, lateral and posterior borders of the pelvic outlet?
Anterior - Pubic Arch
Lateral - Ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament
Posterior - Tip of Coccyx
What are some of the differences between a Female and Male pelvis?
- Female inlet is larger/more circular
- Female pelvis is shallower bones lighter/thinner
- Female hip bones flare wider
- Female sacrum is shorter/less curved
- Females pubic arch is more rounded/angle is greater
Name the following ligaments of the sacrum
- Articular Surface
- Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament (cut)
- Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Name the following ligaments of the Anterior Pelvis
- Sacro-iliac Joints
- Anterior sacro-iliaca ligament
- Pubic Symphysis
Name the following ligaments of the Posterior Pelvis
- Interosseous sacroiliac ligament
- Posterior sacroiliac ligament overlaying interosseous sacroiliac ligament
What are the features of the ilium ?
Anterior;
- Iliac crest
- Anterior superior iliac spine ASIS (find inguinal ligament here, us this to find McBurney’s point)
- Iliac fossa
Posterior;
- Iliac crest
- Posterior superior iliac spine PSIS
What are the features of the ischium ?
Anterior;
- Ischiopubic ramus (Muscles of external gentalia extend out from this)
Posterior;
- Ischial spine (used to assess engagement of head in obstetrics)
- Ischial tuberosity (origin of hamstrings)
What are the features of the Pubis ?
Anterior;
- Superior Pubic Ramus
- Ischiopubic ramus
- Pubic tubercle
- Pubic Arch (sub pubic angle is different between males and females
Name the following foramen and ligaments of the pelvis
- Greater Sciatic Foramen
- Sacrospinous ligament
- Lesser Sciatic Foramen
- Sacrotuberous ligament
- Obturator membrane
- Obturator canal
Name the following foramen and ligaments of the pelvis
- Greater Sciatic Foramen
- Sacrospinous ligament
- Lesser Sciatic Foramen
- Sacrotuberous ligament
- Obturator membrane
- Obturator canal
Name the following bony landmarks and ligaments of the pelvis
- ASIS of the pelvis
- Mid-inguinal point
- Midpoint of the inguinal ligament
- Pubic tubercle
- Pubic symphysis
Name the following Fascial Ligaments of the Pelvis
- Pubovesicle/Pubocervical
- Transverse Cervical Ligament
- Uterosacral /Sacrocervical Ligament
What are the following landmarks surrounding the pelvic floor
- Iliac Crest
- Pelvic Brim
- Ischial Tuberosity
- Perineum
Pelvic floor is pelvic diaphragm
What 2 muscles make up the Pelvic Diaphragm
Levator Ani + Coccygeus = Pelvic Diaphragm
What 3 muscles make up Levator Ani?
- Pubococcygeus
- Puborectalis (fibres skirting around rectum)
- Iliococcygeus
Pubic, Coccyx, Rectum, Ilium are 4 points to remember
Name the following 3 muscles and the bigger group they belong to
These all for PELVIC DIAPHRAGM
Levator Ani;
- Puborectalis (fibres skirting around rectum)
- Pubococcygeus
- Iliococcygeus
Levator Ani + Coccygeus = Pelvic Diaphragm
Name the following muscles
Levator Ani;
- Puborectalis (fibres skirting around rectum)
- Pubococcygeus
- Iliococcygeus
Levator Ani + Coccygeus (Ischio) = Pelvic
Name the following structures
- Obturator Externus
- Pubovaginalis
- Pubococcygeus
- Perineal Body
- Puborectalis (fibres skirting around rectum)
- Iliococcygeus
- Coccygeus
- Gluteus Maximus
What can Pubococcygeus be further divided into?
- True Pubococcygeus
- Puborectalis
- Pubovaginalis (Females)
- Puboprostaticus (Males)
What does “Water under the bridge” refer to?
The ureter (water) passing UNDER then uterine vessels
These lie on the pelvic floor of a female
What are the features of the female lateral pelvic wall?
- Obturator internus
- Tendinous arc
- Obturator nerve and vessels
- Ovaries
Name the following muscles
Pelvic posterior wall
- Piriformis muscle
- Coccygeus muscle
- Obtuator Internus muscle
Levator Ani;
- Puborectalis (fibres skirting around rectum)
- Pubococcygeus
- Iliococcygeus
- Piriformis muscle
- Coccygeus muscle
- Tendinous arch (obturator internus fascia)
- Leavator ani
What are the layers of the Posterior Pelvic Wall?
Bone = Sacrum
Muscle = Piriformis
Nerves = Sacral Plexus
Vessels = Internal Iliac
What is the Retropubic Space and its significance?
The Retropubic Space (of Retzius) contains areolar tissue, fat and the vesicle venous plexus
Is extraperitoneal so a suprapubic catheter can be interested into the bladder without piercing the peritoneum
