Female Perineum

Question 1

What separates the perineum from the pelvic cavity?

Answer 1

Pelvic diaphragm

Question 2

What are the two triangles within the perineum?

Answer 2

urogenital triangle and anal triangle

Question 3

What are the borders of the perineum?

Answer 3

pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, and coccyx

Question 4

Anal triangle contains

Answer 4

anal canal
ischio-anal fossa
pudendal canal

Question 5

Ischio-anal fossa

Answer 5

wedge shaped space on either side of anal canal (fat, inferior rectal VAN, cutaneous nerves)

Ischo-anal fossa abscesses

Question 6

Pudendal canal

Answer 6

horizontal passageway within obturator fascia

contains internal pudendal a and v, pudendal n, and nerve to obturator internus

^^^ from lesser sciatic foramen

Question 7

What is part of the urogenital triangle for females?

Answer 7

urethra
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
vestibule of vagina
vestibular glands
bulbs of vestibule
clitoris
superficial perineal mm
deep perineal mm

Question 8

What is the innervation of the urethra?

Answer 8

Prox: visceral afferents S2-S4
distal: somatic afferents S2-S4

Question 9

What is the arterial supply for the urethra?

Answer 9

prox: vaginal a

distal: internal pudendal a branches

Question 10

Venous supply for urethra?

Answer 10

internal iliac vv

Question 11

Lumbar innervation for perineum?

Answer 11

mons pubs and anterior labia majora

L1- ilioingual n
L1/2- genitofemoral n

Question 12

Sacral innervation for perineum?

Answer 12

Clitoris: dorsal n of clitoris (S2-S4)

Central perineum: superficial branch of perineal n (S2-S4)

Vaginal orifice/lower vagina: deep branch of perineal n (S2-S4)

Lateral perineum: perineal branch of posterior femoral cutaneous n (S2-S3)

Question 13

Arterial supply of vulva?

Answer 13

inferior pudendal a branches

• posterior labial a (labia majora and minora
• artery of vestibule (bulb and greater vestibular glands)

Deep a of clitoris (corpus cavernosum)

dorsal a of clitoris (glans clitoris)

external pudendal a branches (mons pubis and anterior labia majora)

Question 14

Proximal urethra where? distal?

Answer 14

prox: pelvis
distal: perineum

Question 15

why is there increased UTI risk for female urethra?

Answer 15

4 cm in length

Question 16

Urethra has what spincter?

Answer 16

external urethral spincter

Question 17

What are the glands draining directly into the urethra?

Answer 17

urethral glands

Question 18

What are the glands that drain into the vaginal vestibule. What are they homologus to?

Answer 18

Paraurethral glands

homologus to prostrate glands

Question 19

Fatty eminence anterior to pubic symphysis

Answer 19

mons pubis

Question 20

labia majora

Answer 20

folds on either side of pudendal cleft contains sebaceous glands AND hair follicles

join at anterior and posterior commissures

Question 21

Labia minora

Answer 21

folds of HAIRLESS skin with sebaceous glands

surrounds vestibule fo vagina

anterior: prepuce and frenulum of clitoris

connected posteriorly by transverse fold (frenulum of labia minora)

Question 22

Vestibule of vagina

Answer 22

space central to labia majora

external urethral orifice surrounded by paraurethral duct openings

Vaginal orifice
Vestibular gland duct openings

Question 23

Greater vestibular glands

Answer 23

enter at 5 and 7 o clock position

covered by bulbospongious m

secrete mucus during sexual arousal

homologues to bulbo-urethral glands in males

Question 24

Bulbs of vestibule

Answer 24

erectile tissue superior to but not within labia majora

homologues to bulb/corpus spongiosum of penis

Question 25

Clitoris

Answer 25

erectile tissue at anterior labia majora glans (dorsal n of clitoris) body (covered by prepuce and contains corpus cavernosa) crura (attach to inferior pubic rami)

Question 26

Superficial perineal mm

Answer 26

Ischiocavernosus m Bulbospongiosus m Superficial transverse perinal m

Question 27

Ischocavernosus m

Answer 27

compress crura of clitoris and assist erectionBu

Question 28

Bulbospongiosus m

Answer 28

compresses bulb of vaginal bestibule assists clitorial erection support pelvic floor

Question 29

Superficial transverse perinal m

Answer 29

attach to perinal body and assist with support of pelvic floor

Question 30

Deep perineal mm

Answer 30

deep transverse perineal m external urethral spincter

Question 31

Deep transverse perinal m

Answer 31

attaches to perineal body and assists with support of pelvic floor innervated by deep branch of perineal n

Question 32

External urethral spincter

Answer 32

voluntary spincter maintains urinary continence innervated by dorsal n of clitoris

Question 33

Perineal pouches

Answer 33

Vertical subdivisions of urogenital triangle separated by perineal membrane superficial (inferior to membrane) deep (superior to membrane)

Question 34

Fascia of perineum

Answer 34

superficial and deep

Question 35

perineal membrane separates

Answer 35

deep and superficial perineal pouches

Question 36

Lymphatics for perineum

Answer 36

most drainage to superficial inguinal nodes EXCEPT 1. glans clitoris to deep inguinal nodes 2. urethra and anal canal above pectinate line to internal iliac nodes

Question 37

Superficial perineal fascia

Answer 37

continues anteriorly as membranous layer of abdominal wall subcutaneous tissue ends posteriorly at perineal body ends laterally at fascia lata

Question 38

Deep perinal fascia

Answer 38

covers superficial perineal mm.