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GU Pathology > Female Pelvis > Flashcards

Female Pelvis Flashcards

0
Q

The onset of menses

A

Menarche

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1
Q

Prior to puberty before the onset on menstruation

A

Premenarchy

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2
Q

Termination of regular menses

A

Menopause

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3
Q

Pregnant

A

Gravid

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4
Q

Has been pregnant multiple times

A

Multi-gravid

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5
Q

Number of births

A

Parity

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6
Q

Follicular phase

A

Days 1-13

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7
Q

Ovulation process regulated by?

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Hypothalamus releases which hormone?

A

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GRH)

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9
Q

GRH stimulates pituitary gland to release which hormones?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

and Lutenizing hormone (LH)

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10
Q

Follicles grow and secrete ________ to stimulate growth of endometrium?

A

Estrogen

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11
Q

One follicle grows to become __________ follicle?

A

Dominant (graafian)

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12
Q

Dominant follicle grows ________ per day until ovulation?

A

2-3 mm

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13
Q

What day can graafian follicle be seen? What is the measurement?

A

Day 8

10 mm

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14
Q

What hormone increases in blood with follicle development?

A

Estrogen (estradiol level)

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15
Q

Pituitary gland stops releasing ______ and releases ________ to induce ovulation?

A

Stops FSH

starts LH

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16
Q

Ovulatory phase

A

Day 14

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17
Q

Dominant follicle reaches _______ by ovulation

A

2.5 cm

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18
Q

Mid-cycle or ovulatory pain is called?

A

Mittleschmertz

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19
Q

What causes mittleschmertz pain?

A

Changes in estrogen levels

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20
Q

Luteal phase

A

Days 15-28

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21
Q

What stimulates lutenization?

A

LH surge

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22
Q

Cells from dominant follicle multiply and become corpus luteum during what process?

A

Lutenization

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23
Q

Corpus luteum regresses after _______ days?

A

9-11

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24
The decline of _________ levels cause menses to start again?
Progesterone
25
What causes corpus luteum to regress?
Absence of hCG
26
Corpus luteum has _________ wall and shows ___________ rim of color?
Thick wall | Perphierial rim of color
27
Corpus luteum is most prominent in which phase?
Luteal phase
28
Normal ovarian size
2x3x4 cm
29
Normal ovarian volume formula
(Length x width x AP) x 0.523
30
Normal premenarchal ovary volume
3.0 cm^3
31
Normal menstruating ovary volume
9.8 cm^3
32
Normal postmenarchal ovary volume
5.8 cm^3
33
Menstrual phase
Days 1-5
34
What layer of uterus sheds?
Zona functionalis
35
Endometrium is __________ and ____________ prior to the start of menses
Thick and echogenic
36
Endometrium is __________ and ____________ after shedding
Thin and irregular
37
Menstrual phase | AP endometrium measurements
Start 4-8 mm | End 2-3 mm
38
Proliferative phase
Days 5-14
39
Proliferative phase ends with ___________
Ovulation
40
__________ reaches its peak level just before ovulation
Estrogen
41
What phase is called the 3 line phase?
Proliferative
42
Proliferative phase | AP endometrial measurements
Start 4 mm | End 10 mm
43
Secretory phase
Days 15-28/29
44
Flow is ___________ resistant before ovulation
High
45
The corpus luteum secretes ____________
Progesterone
46
Following ovulation, the collapsed follicle lining multiplies and creates the ___________
Corpus luteum
47
Once corpus luteum is present, ovarian flow returns to ________ resistant
Low
48
When do progesterone levels peak?
7 days post-ovulation
49
Endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity during _________ phase?
Secretory
50
During secretory phase, endometrium shows ____________ enhancement
Posterior
51
During secretory phase, ___________ is present on the ovary
Corpus luteum
52
Secretory phase | AP endometrial measurements
Start 6-10 mm (before ovulation) | End 7-14 mm (after ovulation)
53
Heavy or prolonged periods
Menorrhagia
54
Cause of menorrhagia
Uterine fibroids
55
Short or light periods
Oligiomenorrhea
56
Cause of oligiomenorrhea
Polycystic ovaries
57
Cycle less than 21 days
Polymenorrhea
58
Absence of menses
Amenorrhea
59
Painful periods
Dysmenorrhea
60
Cause of dysmenorrhea
Endometriosis
61
Prepuberty shape of uterus
Tubular
62
Child uterine size
2.5-3 cm long | 1 cm AP
63
Adult uterus size | Menarchal/nulliparous
8 cm long | 4 cm wide
64
Adult uterus size | Menarchal/parous
10 cm long | 6 cm wide
65
Adult uterus size | Post menopausal
3-5 cm wide | 2-3 cm long
66
Patients on birth control should not develop a ____________
Dominant follicle
67
Ovarian Cycle
FOL
68
Menstrual Cycle
MPS

GU Pathology (1 decks)

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