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GU Pathology > Female Pelvis > Flashcards

Female Pelvis Flashcards

0
Q

The onset of menses

A

Menarche

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1
Q

Prior to puberty before the onset on menstruation

A

Premenarchy

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2
Q

Termination of regular menses

A

Menopause

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3
Q

Pregnant

A

Gravid

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4
Q

Has been pregnant multiple times

A

Multi-gravid

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5
Q

Number of births

A

Parity

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6
Q

Follicular phase

A

Days 1-13

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7
Q

Ovulation process regulated by?

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Hypothalamus releases which hormone?

A

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GRH)

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9
Q

GRH stimulates pituitary gland to release which hormones?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

and Lutenizing hormone (LH)

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10
Q

Follicles grow and secrete ________ to stimulate growth of endometrium?

A

Estrogen

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11
Q

One follicle grows to become __________ follicle?

A

Dominant (graafian)

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12
Q

Dominant follicle grows ________ per day until ovulation?

A

2-3 mm

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13
Q

What day can graafian follicle be seen? What is the measurement?

A

Day 8

10 mm

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14
Q

What hormone increases in blood with follicle development?

A

Estrogen (estradiol level)

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15
Q

Pituitary gland stops releasing ______ and releases ________ to induce ovulation?

A

Stops FSH

starts LH

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16
Q

Ovulatory phase

A

Day 14

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17
Q

Dominant follicle reaches _______ by ovulation

A

2.5 cm

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18
Q

Mid-cycle or ovulatory pain is called?

A

Mittleschmertz

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19
Q

What causes mittleschmertz pain?

A

Changes in estrogen levels

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20
Q

Luteal phase

A

Days 15-28

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21
Q

What stimulates lutenization?

A

LH surge

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22
Q

Cells from dominant follicle multiply and become corpus luteum during what process?

A

Lutenization

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23
Q

Corpus luteum regresses after _______ days?

A

9-11

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24
Q

The decline of _________ levels cause menses to start again?

A

Progesterone

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25
Q

What causes corpus luteum to regress?

A

Absence of hCG

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26
Q

Corpus luteum has _________ wall and shows ___________ rim of color?

A

Thick wall

Perphierial rim of color

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27
Q

Corpus luteum is most prominent in which phase?

A

Luteal phase

28
Q

Normal ovarian size

A

2x3x4 cm

29
Q

Normal ovarian volume formula

A

(Length x width x AP) x 0.523

30
Q

Normal premenarchal ovary volume

A

3.0 cm^3

31
Q

Normal menstruating ovary volume

A

9.8 cm^3

32
Q

Normal postmenarchal ovary volume

A

5.8 cm^3

33
Q

Menstrual phase

A

Days 1-5

34
Q

What layer of uterus sheds?

A

Zona functionalis

35
Q

Endometrium is __________ and ____________ prior to the start of menses

A

Thick and echogenic

36
Q

Endometrium is __________ and ____________ after shedding

A

Thin and irregular

37
Q

Menstrual phase

AP endometrium measurements

A

Start 4-8 mm

End 2-3 mm

38
Q

Proliferative phase

A

Days 5-14

39
Q

Proliferative phase ends with ___________

A

Ovulation

40
Q

__________ reaches its peak level just before ovulation

A

Estrogen

41
Q

What phase is called the 3 line phase?

A

Proliferative

42
Q

Proliferative phase

AP endometrial measurements

A

Start 4 mm

End 10 mm

43
Q

Secretory phase

A

Days 15-28/29

44
Q

Flow is ___________ resistant before ovulation

A

High

45
Q

The corpus luteum secretes ____________

A

Progesterone

46
Q

Following ovulation, the collapsed follicle lining multiplies and creates the ___________

A

Corpus luteum

47
Q

Once corpus luteum is present, ovarian flow returns to ________ resistant

A

Low

48
Q

When do progesterone levels peak?

A

7 days post-ovulation

49
Q

Endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity during _________ phase?

A

Secretory

50
Q

During secretory phase, endometrium shows ____________ enhancement

A

Posterior

51
Q

During secretory phase, ___________ is present on the ovary

A

Corpus luteum

52
Q

Secretory phase

AP endometrial measurements

A

Start 6-10 mm (before ovulation)

End 7-14 mm (after ovulation)

53
Q

Heavy or prolonged periods

A

Menorrhagia

54
Q

Cause of menorrhagia

A

Uterine fibroids

55
Q

Short or light periods

A

Oligiomenorrhea

56
Q

Cause of oligiomenorrhea

A

Polycystic ovaries

57
Q

Cycle less than 21 days

A

Polymenorrhea

58
Q

Absence of menses

A

Amenorrhea

59
Q

Painful periods

A

Dysmenorrhea

60
Q

Cause of dysmenorrhea

A

Endometriosis

61
Q

Prepuberty shape of uterus

A

Tubular

62
Q

Child uterine size

A

2.5-3 cm long

1 cm AP

63
Q

Adult uterus size

Menarchal/nulliparous

A

8 cm long

4 cm wide

64
Q

Adult uterus size

Menarchal/parous

A

10 cm long

6 cm wide

65
Q

Adult uterus size

Post menopausal

A

3-5 cm wide

2-3 cm long

66
Q

Patients on birth control should not develop a ____________

A

Dominant follicle

67
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A

FOL

68
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

MPS

GU Pathology (1 decks)

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