Female Genitalia

Question 1

Complexity of both physical and emotional symptoms occurring 1-2 weeks before the onset of menses, for 3 consecutive cycles, Interferes with daily activities

Answer 1

PMS

Question 2

Usually begins after ovulation and ends with onset of menses

Answer 2

PMS

Question 3

Cyclic changes in hormonal levels during menses seems to be an important factor, affecting some women more than others

Answer 3

PMS

Question 4

includes tension, irritability, anxiety, anger, crying spells, depression, social withdrawal, and mood swings

Answer 4

Psychological symptoms of PMS

Question 5

Includes fatigue, insomnia, bloating, eight gain, Edema, abdominal pain, headaches and breast tenderness

Answer 5

Physical symptoms of PMS

Question 6

Treatment for PMS

Answer 6

Routine Exercise, hormonal contraceptives to suppress ovulation, NSAIDS, diuretics , antidepressants, anxiolytics (PMDD)

Question 7

Excessively painful menses

occurs to some degree in most women; but incapacitates about 10% of women

Answer 7

Dysmenorrhea

Question 8

Menstrual pain without evidence of organic pelvic disease

Answer 8

Primary Dysmenorrhea

Question 9

PGF2a –> Potent myometrial stimulant and vasoconstrictor

Answer 9

Primary Dysmenorrhea

Question 10

Prolonged uterine contractions and decreased blood flow to the myometrium causing ischemia
PGs increase 3-fold from the follicular phase to the luteal phase, with further increases during menses

Answer 10

Primary Dysmenorrhea

Question 11

Certain PGs are involved with the induction of labor and other reproductive processes–

Answer 11

PGs causes uterine contractions and has been used to induce labor

Question 12

Postulated to heighten sensitivity of uterine pain fibers

Substantial amounts of endometrial __________ have been demonstrated in women with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Answer 12

Leukotrienes

Question 13

Increased levels of PGs and leukotrienes are responsible for the clinical manifestation
SX- cramping, abdominal pain, associated nausea, pre-syncope or syncope, headache, diarrhea
Tx- OC and NSAIDS

Answer 13

Primary Dysmenorrhea

Question 14

Menstrual pain resulting from an identifiable organic disease

Answer 14

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Question 15

Elevated PGs but concomitant pelvis pathology must be present as well
Endrometriosis**
PID
Uterine fibroids, polyps, ovarian cysts, tumors, Adenomyosis
Pelvis Scarring, cervical stenosis, IUDs

Answer 15

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Question 16

Treatment for Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Answer 16

Laparoscopy, US, MRI, Hysteroscopy

Treat underlying cause, OC and NSAIDS

Question 17

The absence of menses

Answer 17

Amenorrhea

Question 18

The failure of menses to be initiated

Causes include chromosomal abnormalities (Turners), malnutrition, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction

Answer 18

Primary Amenorrhea