Female Genitalia

Question 1

Amenorrhea

Answer 1

Amenorrhea: absence or suppression of menstruation

Question 2

Bartholin glands

Answer 2

Bartholin glands: located posteriorly on each side of the vaginal orifice with openings on to the sides of the vestibule between the labia minora and hymen.

Question 3

Chadwick sign

Answer 3

Chadwick sign: a bluish discoloration of the cervix that normally occurs with pregnancy at 6-8 week’s duration.

Question 4

Climacteric

Answer 4

Climacteric: a term that describes the period that marks the cessation of a woman’s reproductive period (female climacteric or menopause); a corresponding period of lessening of sexual activity in the male (male climacteric).

Question 5

Clitoris

Answer 5

Clitoris: a small bud of erectile tissue (homolog of the penis) and a primary center of sexual excitement.

Question 6

Cystitis

Answer 6

Cystitis: inflammation of the urinary bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending infections and involve associated organs (kidney, prostate, urethra).

Question 7

Cystocele

Answer 7

Cystocele: a bladder hernia, an injury to the vesicovaginal fascia during delivery may allow the bladder to pouch into the vagina causing a cystocele.

Question 8

Dilation

Answer 8

Dilation: involves the opening of the cervical canal for the passage of the fetus. Process is measured in centimeters and progresses from a closed (internal) to 10 centimeters (full dilation).

Question 9

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 9

Dysmenorrhea: painful or difficult menstruation, either primary or secondary.

Question 10

Dyspareunia

Answer 10

Dyspareunia: painful sexual intercourse.

Question 11

Dysuria

Answer 11

Dysuria: painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of numerous conditions.

Question 12

Effacement

Answer 12

Effacement: refers to the thinning of the cervix that results when myometrial activity pulls the cervix upwards, allowing the cervix to become part of the lower uterine segment during prelabor and early labor.

Question 13

Endometriosis

Answer 13

Endometriosis: presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus.

Question 14

Hematuria

Answer 14

Hematuria: blood in the urine.

Question 15

Hegar sign

Answer 15

Hegar sign: softening of the cervix that occurs in pregnancy at 6-8 weeks gestation

Question 16

Hydrocolpos

Answer 16

Hydrocolpos: distention of the vagina due to an accumulation of fluid caused by congenital obstruction.

Question 17

Hymen

Answer 17

Hymen: a circular, crescentic, or fimbriated connective tissue membrane.

Question 18

Menarche

Answer 18

Menarche: the first menstruation and initiation of cyclic menstrual function.

Question 19

Menorrhagia

Answer 19

Menorrhagia: excessive bleeding during a menstrual period that is longer in duration than usual.

Question 20

Menometrorrhagia

Answer 20

Menometrorrhagia: irregular or excessive bleeding during menstuation and between enstrual periods.

Question 21

Metrorrhagia:

Answer 21

Metrorrhagia: menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged, but of expected amount.

Question 22

Mittelschmerz

Answer 22

Mittelschmerz: lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation.

Question 23

Myomas

Answer 23

Myomas: benign uterine tumors arising from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue of the uterus.

Question 24

Oligomenorrhea

Answer 24

Oligomenorrhea: infrequent menstruation.

Question 25

Oliguria

Answer 25

Oliguria: diminished amount of urine formation or scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500 mL in 24 hours); results in inefficient excretion of the products of metabolism.

Question 26

Polyuria

Answer 26

Polyuria: excessive excretion and discharge of urine. The urine does not, as a rule, contain abnormal constituents. Several hundred ounces a day may be voided. It is pale in color.

Question 27

Pyuria

Answer 27

Pyuria: pus in the urine: evidence of renal disease.

Question 28

Rectocele

Answer 28

Rectocele: protrusion or herniation of posterior vaginal wall with the anterior wall of the rectum through the vagina.

Question 29

Salpingitis

Answer 29

Salpingitis: infection or inflammation of the fallopian tubes.

Question 30

Skene ducts

Answer 30

Skene ducts: ducts that drain a group of urethral glands located on each side of the urethra opening into the vestibule.

Question 31

Station

Answer 31

Station: the relationship of the presenting part to the ischial spines of the mother’s pelvis. The measurement is determined by centimeters above and below the iscial spines and is recorded by plus and minus signs.

Question 32

Urinary incontinence:

Answer 32

Urinary incontinence: the ability to retain urine.

Question 33

Urinary incontinence: stress

Answer 33

Urinary incontinence: stress: leakage of urine due to increased intra-abdominal pressure that can occur from coughing, laughing, exercise, or lifting heavy things.

Question 34

Urinary incontinence: urge

Answer 34

Urinary incontinence: urge: the inability to hold urine once the urge to void occurs. Causes of this abnormality can be local genitourinary conditions, such as infection or tumor; or central nervous system disorders, such as stroke.

Question 35

Urinary incontinence: overflow

Answer 35

Urinary incontinence: overflow: a mechanical dysfunction resulting from an over distended bladder. This type has many causes: anatomic obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy and strictures; neurologic abnormalities that impair detrusor contractility, such as multiple sclerosis; spinal lesions.

Question 36

Uterine prolapse

Answer 36

Uterine prolapse: uterus herniation into or beyond the vagina caused by a weakening in the supporting structures.

Question 37

Vaginitis

Answer 37

Vaginitis: inflammation of the vagina.

Question 38

Vulvovaginitis

Answer 38

Vulvovaginitis: inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissues.